Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971

Although Article I(c) of the Rules exempts live animals and deck cargo, section 1(7) of the act permits parties to opt in to the Rules when the goods in the bill of lading are deck cargo or live animals. In which case, Article I(c) will be read as if it did not exist. Also, although Article III(4) declares a bill of lading to be a mere prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods", section 4 of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 upgrades a bill of lading to be "conclusive evidence of receipt", thereby annulling the decision in Grant v Norway 1851. ==Note==