Carter PAV

When the CarterCopter was damaged in 2005 due to a gear-up landing caused by pilot error, the cost of repair was deemed higher than the cost of making a new aircraft with the added benefit of incorporating lessons learned from the first aircraft. Design of the PAV was begun during 2005. Several changes and development problems occurred along the way; twin boom was deemed unnecessary, so a single boom was constructed, and flaws in rotor blades and hub were revealed during testing and then corrected. On 16 November 2009, the AAI Corporation (a division of Textron) signed a 40-year exclusive license agreement with the company concerning all unmanned aircraft systems, one of which was intended to deliver of cargo similar to the unmanned Kaman K-MAX, but over a future range of compared to the demonstrated or more of the K-MAX. The agreement committed CarterCopters to developing the technology to maturity, in exchange for exclusive rights to develop UAVs for the next 40 years. The first product in the AAI agreement "Critical Design Review" (CDR) for AAI Corporation was performed around January 2010 when the prototype was already being built. Usually a CDR is performed before a vehicle is built. In 2014, Carter said they bought back the license from AAI and is seeking production partners outside USA, hoping for production 3–5 years later. ==Testing==

The PAV was taxi tested in autumn of 2010 at Olney Airport after FAA Special Airworthiness Certificate on 27 July 2010, and performed traffic pattern movement on 2 December 2010, piloted by Larry Neal at the controls and co-pilot Robert Luna. Larry Neal was also one of the pilots of the CarterCopter at Olney in 2005. The first flight occurred on 5 January 2011 at Olney without wings and lasted 36 minutes, which qualified Carter for a milestone payment. Carter stated that the PAV performed its first zero-roll jump take-off on 18 January 2011, The PAV flew traffic patterns with wings at Olney in January 2012, and has since flown winged test flights. It flew a few hours at a time, but its flight certificate restricted it to within of Olney. As of June 2012, development of the PAV is a year behind schedule due to various technical problems, and a delay of a further year was caused by rotor RPM software control issues. Carter views the lack of a PAV flight simulator as a mistake, and attempts to build one. The previous CarterCopter was designed using a flight simulator. and reached an advance ratio of 0.85 in 2012. According to Carter, the PAV reached Mu-1 on 7 November 2013. It also achieved a speed of , and the rotor was slowed down to 113 rpm. The PAV flew its first public show flight outside Olney when it flew to Wichita Falls later that month. Carter says the PAV has achieved a speed of at an altitude of , a Mu of 1.13 and an L/D of 11.6-15. Carter has applied to the FAA to change the PAVs certificate from research and development to demonstration. The second PAV (called PAV-II, registration N210AV) was flight approved in March 2014, and demonstrated at Sun 'n Fun air festival and MacDill Air Force Base in 2014, both in Florida. In July 2014, it was displayed at Oshkosh Airshow. Carter says it has flown at . ==Design==

Computer aided design and X-plane flight simulation were used during development. Unlike the twin-boom CarterCopter, the PAV has a single tailboom. A tilting mast allows the rotor to be tilted 15 degrees forward and 30 degrees aft to allow different centres of gravity and wing angle-of-attacks. (within a narrow range of a few percent), whereas Carter uses RPM ranges between 100 and 350. Most aircraft have two energy parameters (speed and altitude) which the pilot can trade between, but Carter technology attempts to use rotor rotation as a third energy parameter. The purpose of the Slowed Rotor/Compound aircraft is to enhance the flight envelope compared to fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and traditional autogyros, as well as moving the speed limit up. The PAV has traditional airplane-like controls (Vernier type and jump-takeoff is performed at the push of a button. The tip weights had been made of tungsten, while the current (2013) are made of steel. Suppliers for the aircraft include Blue Mountain Avionics for avionics and air-to-ground video and telemetry, and Sky Ox Oxygen Systems as the PAV is not pressurized. 60 channels of information convey sensor measurements from the aircraft to a ground computer, and 4 video cameras tape the flights. ==Operation==

The PAV has flight characteristics similar to other Carter aircraft. When stationary on the ground, the engine powers up the flat pitch rotor to 370 RPM, and the rotor blades are pitched to push air down and lift the aircraft in a jump takeoff. While altitude is reached, the aircraft transitions into forward flight using the pusher propeller, and the rotor shifts to autorotation (windmilling) with air flowing up through the rotor. As speed increases, the air flow increases rotor RPM like other autogyros. Once sufficient airspeed is reached (around ) for the small wings to provide lift, rotor blades are feathered to reduce rotor speed to 100 RPM and minimize drag, and lift is provided mostly by the wings when speed reaches . ==Specifications (PAV)==