Foundation and early history The monastery was established by king
Alfonso II of Aragon as the first
Carthusian monastery in the Iberian peninsula in 1194. The reason was the recent reconquest of the territory of
Catalunya Nova from the Moors and for which the
Aragonese kings needed to repopulate the territory. The location proved fitting for the community which was seeking silence, solitude and nature. According to legend, when the Carthusian monks came into the region they met shepherd who told them that he had seen in a vision angels ascending a stairway into heaven into the clouds of the summit of nearby
Montsant. By 1218 the monks were well established and were gifted by
Jaume I dominion and jurisdiction over the nearby villages of
La Morera,
Gratallops,
Torroja,
Porrera,
Poboleda and
Vilella Alta. The monks introduced
viticulture in this region, resulting in first vines in 1263, and the villages form today the wine region of
Priorat. Scala Dei's patron saint became the founder of the Carthusian order, Saint
Bruno of Cologne, whose feast day in the first week of October coincided the beginning of the vine harvest.
Alonso Tostado, a leading scholar of the 15th century, was a novice here in 1444 before he was called by king
Juan II to become his advisor.
Early Modern History In the 16th century a rebuilding programme begun which continued throughout the 17th and 18th century, giving the charterhouse a
Baroque,
Neoclassical appearance. During that time the charterhouse became an important regional artistic centre, notably among other for the Escaladei school of painting. Among those painters were friar Lluís Pascal, friar Ramón Berenguer (died 1660) and
Joaquim Juncosa. The later became a lay friar at the monastery in 1660 and became one of the most famous painters of Catalan
Baroque. Juncosa painted several portraits and
frescoes at the monastery, unfortunately all of them were lost in the following events. The monastery became also became an important centre for books. For instance, one of the only two Catalan cookery manuscripts,
El llibre de la Cuina de Scala-Dei, dates to the first half of the 17th century and the book
Commentariam in Ieremiam Prophetam by Andrés Capilla (d.1610) was published here.
Demise and destruction In 1835, following the
decrees of Mendizábal for the seizure of monastic property, the community was forced to leave their home. In the
surge of radical anticlericalism, revolutionary mobs, incited by liberal agitators, begun burning convents, starting first in Barcelona but also reaching monasteries in the country side such as the
Cistercian monastery of Poblet, the
Benedictine monastery of Sant Cugat and also Scala Dei. Only one day after the monks left, the monastery was sacked and a few days later it burned down. Thus, after just two years the conventual buildings were nearly entirely destroyed. The surviving buildings were sold at an auction in 1843 by five families who founded in 1844 a company to produce wine, the
Sociedad Agrícola La Unión. ==Today==