Casa Rosada

The Casa Rosada sits at the eastern end of the Plaza de Mayo, a large square which, since the foundation of Buenos Aires in 1580, has been surrounded by many of the most important political institutions of the city and of Argentina. The site, originally at the shoreline of the Río de la Plata, was first occupied by the "Fort of Juan Baltazar of Austria", a structure built on the orders of the founder of Buenos Aires, Captain Juan de Garay, in 1594. Its 1713 replacement by a masonry structure (the "Castle of San Miguel") complete with turrets made the spot the effective nerve center of colonial government. Following independence, President Bernardino Rivadavia had a Neoclassical portico built at the entrance in 1825, and the building remained unchanged until, in 1857, the fort was demolished in favor of a new customs building. Under the direction of British Argentine architect Edward Taylor, the Italianate structure was Buenos Aires' largest building from 1859 until the 1890s. The old fort's administrative annex, which survived the construction of Taylor's Customs House, was enlisted as the presidential offices by Bartolomé Mitre in the 1860s and his successor, Domingo Sarmiento, who beautified the drab building with patios, gardens and wrought-iron grillwork, had the exterior painted pink reportedly in order to defuse political tensions by mixing the red and white colors of the country's two opposing political parties: red was the color of the Federalists, while white was the color of the Unitarians. An alternative explanation suggests that the original paint contained cow's blood to prevent damage from the effects of humidity. Sarmiento also authorized the construction of the Central Post Office next door in 1873, commissioning Swedish Argentine architect Carl Kihlberg, who designed this, one of the first of Buenos Aires' many examples of Second Empire architecture. The Casa Rosada itself in 2006 underwent extensive renovation delayed by the 2001 economic crisis. The first phase was completed for the 2010 bicentennial of the May Revolution that led to independence, with a second phase begun in 2017. == Evolution of the Casa Rosada ==

The Fort In 1536, Don Pedro de Mendoza established a settlement near the mouth of the Riachuelo de los Navíos, called Nuestra Señora del Buen Ayre. In 1580, Juan de Garay founded the city at the place which was to be the Plaza Mayor (nowadays Plaza de Mayo), naming it Santísima Trinidad while the port retained the name of the original settlement; the "Royal Fort of Don Juan Baltasar de Austria" was built in 1594. It was replaced in 1713 by a more solid construction with turrets, sentry boxes, a moat and a drawbridge that upon being completed in 1720 was given the name of "Castillo San Miguel" (St. Michael's Castle). President Bernardino Rivadavia modified the fort in 1820, and the drawbridge was replaced by a neoclassical portico. The site, which was for defence at that time, and also the seat of the Spanish and Home governments, is where Government House currently stands. In the Pink House Museum there is a cannon-ball hole in part of a storage room of the Royal Treasury's warehouse. New Customs House Under the direction of the English architect Edward Taylor, the New Customs House was built in 1855 back-to-back with the rear walls of the Fort, facing the river. It is the first public building of great size built by the young mercantile State of Buenos Aires; its semicircular shape had five floors for depots and fifty-one storage rooms with arched ceilings, surrounded by loggias. From the central tower, which had a clock and a beacon at its top, stretched out a 300 m pier where ships of greater draught could anchor. Goods carts could access the dock via two side ramps carts. It was used for almost forty years, then demolished down to the first floor by the Madero Port project; its foundations are buried under what is today Colón Park. The Post Office Palace President Domingo Sarmiento ordered the construction of the Postal headquarters in 1873 on open ground that had remained after the south wing of the Buenos Aires Fort had been demolished. This project was carried out by the Swedish architect Carlos Kihlberg (Swedish:Carl August Kihlberg), with a design inspired by Italian Renaissance Revival architecture and French Second Empire details. As Government House looked totally insignificant compared to this new post office building, President Julio Roca called upon the department of civil engineers to produce a project for extending and repairing the former, and the project submitted by the Swedish architect Enrique Aberg (Swedish: Henrik Åberg) was adopted. It proposed the demolition of the Fort and the construction of another building, identical to the post office, differentiating it by incorporating a long balcony on the first floor for the use of authorities during public festivities and parades. This was the end of the Fort, of which only some walls and one of the cannon-ball holes can be seen in the current Government House museum. For aesthetic reasons and to solve the problem of lack of space it was later decided that the Post Office building would be incorporated into Government House. Architect Francesco Tamburini was commended this task. He designed a great central archway to join the two buildings into one, enveloping a central main axis on which the entrances were located, emphasized by a higher archway. The Palace The buildings have three storeys on Balcarce Street and four storeys plus a basement/galleries of Government House Museum, on Avenida Paseo Colón, practically extending over a whole city block. All the original rooms that are on the three main façades have direct ventilation and lighting, while the original internal rooms were designed for ventilation and light to come from the loggias surrounding internal patios built for this purpose. All, except one were crowned by skylights, of which only two remain. The original structure consists of packwalls of varying thickness and slabs supported by brick counter ceilings with steel or wood roof lines, according to the sector. Following a long process of construction the current building was officially inaugurated in 1898, during the second presidency of General Julio Roca. ==Rooms==

The president sits at his or her office on a seat named the "Seat of Rivadavia"; it was not used by Bernardino Rivadavia, the first president of Argentina, but named in his honour. The Hall of Busts houses marble busts of the many presidents of Argentina, made by diverse artists both national and international. The list, however, is not exhaustive, and subjected to political biases. President Néstor Kirchner ordered in 2006 the removal of all busts of presidents who took power via coups, but the busts of José Félix Uriburu, Pedro Pablo Ramírez and Edelmiro Julián Farrell were spared and finally removed during the administration of Mauricio Macri. President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner broke the timeline order of the busts, and placed instead the busts of Kirchner, Raúl Alfonsín, Hipólito Yrigoyen and Juan Perón in a prominent location. The administration of Macri reordered the busts under the supervision of the National Academy of History of Argentina, and Alberto Fernández restored the order set by Cristina Kirchner. President Javier Milei added the bust of Carlos Menem next to Mitre, Pellegrini, Sarmiento and Roca, while those of Kirchner and Alfonsín were moved away. The internal regulations specify that presidents should have a bust eight years after they leave office, but for varied reasons Isabel Perón, Fernando de la Rúa, Adolfo Rodríguez Saá and Eduardo Duhalde do not have busts. Interior File:Despacho Presidencial argentino 2.JPG|The President's office File:Capilla Cristo Rey.jpg|Christ the King Chapel File:Galeria de los vitrales.JPG|The Stained Glass Gallery File:Salón de los bustos, Casa Rosada.jpg|The Hall of Busts File:Patio de las Palmeras, Casa Rosada.jpg|The Palm Tree Patio File:Salón Blanco (1), AA 2014.jpg|The Salón Blanco File:Salón Blanco.jpg|The Salón Blanco File:Salón Norte 2.JPG|The North Hall File:Salón Sur 2.JPG|The South Hall File:Salón Mujeres del Bicentenario.JPG|Hall of Argentine Bicentennial Women File:Salon Patriotas Casa Rosada .jpg|Hall of Bicentennial Patriots of Latin America File:Salondelosescritoresypensadoresdelbicentenario.jpg|Hall of Bicentennial Thinkers and Writers File:CABA - Monserrat - Casa Rosada - Salón de los Científicos Argentinos del Bicentenario.jpg|Hall of Argentine Bicentennial Scientists File:Salón Azul - Palacio de Gobierno de la República Argentina.jpg|Hall of Argentine Bicentennial Painters and Paintings (Blue Hall) File:Ascensor presidencial.JPG|Presidential elevator File:Escalera Francia.jpg|Francia Stairs of Honour File:Escalera Italia.jpg|Italia Stairs of Honour File:Hall de Honor - Salón de Bustos · Casa Rosada.jpg|Hall of Honour ==Exterior==

2018-10-19 Buenos Aires by Sandro Halank–018.jpg|View from Plaza de Mayo File:Casa de Gobierno- Casa Rosada Lateral.JPG|View of the north wing and the porte-cochère file:Casa Rosada, Buenos Aires 2012-05-22 03.JPG|Clock File:Acceso por Rivadavia.jpg|Entrance on Rivadavia Street File:Casa Rosada-ART.JPG|The presidential balcony file:Puerto Madero, Casa Rosada, Plaza de Mayo 01.jpg|View from Puerto Madero File:Casa Rosada02.jpg|The Italianate portico File:Buenos Aires 2005 - Casa Rosada (39016298).jpg|Equestrian statue of Manuel Belgrano File:Casa Rosada, Buenos Aires 2012-05-22 06.JPG|Sculpture file:Escudo de la Argentina, AA Buenos Aires 2014.jpg|Coat of arms of Argentina ==See also==