Gzowski was born in
Saint Petersburg to a noble
Polish father, Count Stanisław Gzowski, who was then serving as a captain in the
Russian Imperial Guard. During the
Polish November Uprising, he served as a
combat engineer with the rank of
podporuchik in the Polish army under the command of
Józef Dwernicki against the Russians. After their defeat, he escaped to Austria, but as an unwanted political prisoner, he was deported by the Austrians to the USA. Later, his family also emigrated. He knew no English but began to study law and was admitted into practice. His father was an engineer, and as this became his primary interest, Kazimierz became involved in railway construction in the United States. Eventually, he was hired as an engineer to help in the construction of the
New York and Erie Railway. In 1841, he moved to
Canada to work on the
Welland Canal. He also helped finish the building of
Yonge Street and did other projects for the Department of Public Works in southern Ontario. He settled in
London. In 1849, Gzowski was hired as a railway contractor by the
St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad. The new president of this reorganized company,
Alexander Tilloch Galt, and other directors were dissatisfied with the work of the Montreal contractors. Accepting Galt's offer to be Chief Engineer, in charge of construction, Gzowski moved his family to
Sherbrooke. The purpose of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway, along with its American partner, the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railway, was to provide a route for the traffic of the
St. Lawrence River and
Ottawa River at the port of
Montreal to the ice-free Atlantic port of
Portland, Maine. By 1850, however, promoters of this project learned of plans by
Boston interests to build a railway from
Lake Champlain to
Ogdensburg, opposite
Prescott, on the route of the projected Bytown & Prescott Railway. In 1850, Galt, along with
Luther Hamilton Holton,
David Lewis Macpherson and other directors of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic, formed a committee which took steps to secure a charter for the building of a railway between Montreal and Kingston. Several possible routes were considered. At a public meeting held in Montreal, the committee delegated Gzowski to make a detailed survey of two routes. One ran through the Ottawa River valley, and the other was about 15 miles inland from the St. Lawrence River. In 1851. the Montreal and Kingston Railway Committee commissioned another well-known Canadian engineer and future associate of Gzowski,
Walter Shanly, to make another survey of the Montreal-Kingston route. He decided in favour of the line closely paralleling the shore of the St. Lawrence River and running through
Cornwall and
Prescott. This was the route adopted by the
Grand Trunk Railway between Montreal, Kingston and
Toronto. The idea of a railway through the
Province of Canada had been on the minds of Canadians for some time. The government proposed to build a line from Montreal to
Windsor or to
Sarnia. For that part of the route east of Montreal, Premier
Francis Hincks turned the first sod on the Quebec Richmond Railway on January 7, 1852. The government intended to close the gap between Richmond and Montreal by using the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway. Galt and his associates from Montreal obtained a charter for their Montreal and Kingston Railway on August 30, 1851. Francis Hincks turned the plans for the railway scheme over to private interests in 1852, awarding contracts for the Kingston to Toronto section and Montreal to Kingston railway to the British contracting firm Peto, Brassey Jackson and Betts, a move that led to the formation of the
Grand Trunk Railway. While Galt had intended to secure the funds to build the Montreal and Kingston Railway, he did not have the resources to compete with Peto, Brassey Jackson and Betts. Galt and his partners saw great possibilities in the construction of a railway west of Toronto. In 1852, through some skillful financial manipulation, they managed to get control of most of the stock in the Toronto and Guelph Railway, chartered in 1851.
Gzowski & Co. were contractors of the line between
Guelph and Sarnia, as well as other sections of the GTR in Ontario and
Michigan. In 1856, Gzowski & Co. was granted the right to cut timber on the
Moon River in
Muskoka, likely as a source of materials for railway construction. In 1858, Gzowski was granted timber licences on the
Whitefish River and on the
South River in
Northeastern Ontario. Some of these licence records show Gzowski and Macpherson were in partnership with another Muskoka lumberman,
Walter Moberly. As president of the Toronto Turf Club, in 1859 Gzowski was a prime factor in the creation of the
Queen's Plate, the first organized
Thoroughbred horse race in North America. Gzowski was instrumental in organizing the
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, where he served as its first president from 1889 until 1891, and he founded Canada's first rifle association. He was also the first Commissioner of the
Niagara Parks Commission. Gzowski was appointed an honorary
aide-de-camp to the Queen in 1879 and was knighted by
Queen Victoria in 1890. As a personal friend of Sir
John A. Macdonald, Gzowski was linked to the
Conservative Party, even acting as an interim Lieutenant Governor before
Oliver Mowat took office in 1897. He died in 1898 in Toronto. ==Legacy==