List of Latin names for cities or towns in Continental Europe, Ireland and Scandinavia

Until the Modern Era, Latin was the common language for scholarship and mapmaking. During the 19th and 20th centuries, German scholars in particular have made significant contributions to the study of historical place names, or Ortsnamenkunde. These studies have, in turn, contributed to the study of genealogy. For genealogists and historians of pre-Modern Europe, knowing alternate names of places is vital to extracting information from both public and private records. Even specialists in this field point out, however, that the information can be easily taken out of context, since there is a great deal of repetition of place names throughout Europe; reliance purely on apparent connections should therefore be tempered with valid historical methodology. ==Caveats and notes==

Latin place names are not always exclusive to one place — for example, there were several Roman cities whose names began with Colonia and then a more descriptive term. During the Middle Ages, these were often shortened to just Colonia. One of these, Colonia Agrippinensis, retains the name today in the form of Cologne. Early sources for Roman names show numerous variants and spellings of the Latin names. The modern canonical name is listed first. Sources are listed chronologically. In general, only the earliest source is shown for each name, although many of the names are recorded in more than one of the sources. Where the source differs in spelling, or has other alternatives, these are listed following the source. As an aid to searching, variants are spelled completely, and listed in most likely chronology. Superscripts indicate: • Latinized form of the Greek-derived name. • Latinized form of the Asian-derived name via Greek. • Altered Latinized form of the Greek-derived name. ==Cities and towns in Austria==

==Cities and towns in Belgium==

==Cities and towns in the Czech Republic==

==Cities and towns in Denmark==

==Cities and towns in Estonia==

==Cities and towns in Finland==

==Cities and towns in France==

==Cities and towns in Germany==

==Cities and towns in Hungary==

==Cities and towns in Ireland==

==Cities and towns in Latvia==

==Cities and towns in Moldova==

==Cities and towns in Monaco==

==Cities and towns in the Netherlands==

==Cities and towns in Norway==

==Cities and towns in Poland==

==Cities and towns in Russia==

==Cities and towns in San Marino==

==Cities and towns in Slovakia==