Loukotka (1968) Below is a full list of Chapacuran language varieties listed by
Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties. •
Chapacura /
Huachi /
Tapacura - extinct language once spoken on the
Blanco River and around
Lake Chitiopa, Santa Cruz province, Bolivia. •
Itene /
Moré - spoken on the
Guaporé River,
Azul River, and
Mamoré River, Beni province, Bolivia. •
Itoreauhip - spoken between the
Guaporé River and
Azul River in Bolivia. •
Quitemo - once spoken on the
Uruvaito River, Santa Cruz province, Bolivia. •
Nape - once spoken in the same country on
Lake Chitiopa. •
Mure - once spoken on the
San Martín River in Bolivia. May not be Chapacuran. •
Wañám /
Huanyam /
Pawumwa - spoken between the
São Miguel River and
São Domingo River, territory of Rondônia, Brazil. •
Abitana - spoken as a dialect of the Wañám language at the sources of the
São Miguel River, Brazil. •
Kumana /
Cautario - spoken between the
Guaporé River and
Cautario River, Rondônia. •
Pacahanovo /
Uari Wayõ - spoken on the
Pacaás Novos River, Rondônia. •
Kabixi - spoken between the
São Miguel River and
Preto River, Rondônia, now perhaps extinct. •
Mataua - spoken in the western area of the
Cautario River. (Unattested.) •
Urunamacan - spoken to the north of the Wañám tribe, Rondônia, Brazil. (Unattested.) •
Uómo /
Miguelheno - spoken on the
São Miguel River. (Unattested.) •
Tapoaya - spoken by an unknown tribe at the sources of the
Cautario River. (Unattested.) •
Cujuna - spoken by a very little known tribe, now perhaps extinct, to the north of the Kumaná tribe. (Unattested.) •
Urupá /
Ituarupa - spoken on the
Urupá River, Rondônia. •
Yarú - spoken by a few families on the
Jaru River. •
Yamarú - extinct language once spoken on the
Jamari River. (Unattested.) •
Torá /
Tura - formerly spoken on the
Marmelos River and
Paricá River, state of Amazonas; now by a few individuals on the Posta
Cabeça d'anta, state of Amazonas.
Angenot (1997) List of Chapacuran languages from Angenot (1997):
Spoken in Brazil: •
Torá •
Urupá •
Jarú • Jamará •
Oro Win •
Wariʼ (Pakaas Novos) • Tapoaya • Kutiana • Matáwa (Matáma) •
Kumana (Cautario) • Uomo • Urunamakan • Kujuna • Pawumwa-
Wanyam • Abitana-
Wanyam • Kabishi-
Wanyam • Miguelenho-
Wanyam Spoken in Bolivia: •
Moré (Iten) •
Muré • Itoreauhip •
Rokorona • Herisobokono •
Chapakura (Huachi, Tapakura) •
Kitemoka (Kitemo) •
Napeka (Nape) • Kusikia-
Manasi Birchall (2013) Birchall et al. (2013) classify the dozen known Chapacuran languages as follows: •
Chapacuran • Kitemoka–Tapakura •
Tapakura •
Kitemoka • Moreic–Waric • Moreic–Tor • Nuclear More •
Moré (90 speakers) •
Cojubim (3 speakers) •
Torá • Waric • Urupa–Yaru: •
Urupá •
Jarú • Wanham–Wari–Oro Win •
Wanyam • Wari–Oro Win •
Oro Win (5 speakers) •
Wari' (2,700 speakers) • (position unclear)
Napeka (Nape) • (position unclear)
Rokorona (Ocorono) All languages are rather closely related. Extinct languages for which Loukotka says 'nothing' is known, but which may have been Chapacuran, include Cujuna, Mataua, Urunumacan, and Herisobocona. Similarities with
Mure appear to be loans.
Birchall, Dunn & Greenhill (2016) Birchall, Dunn &
Greenhill (2016) give the following
phylogenetic tree of Chapacuran, based on a
computational phylogenetic analysis. }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} ==Language contact==