He was born in Nieder-
Kunnersdorf in
Brandenburg. He graduated from the College of Teachers in
Bautzen,
Saxony, in 1841, and at
Philadelphia Medical College in 1850. From 1864 until 1871, he was professor of
pathology and practice at the
Homeopathic College of Pennsylvania, and at
Hahnemann Medical College in
Philadelphia. He died at his home in Philadelphia on 21 August 1896. ==Writings==