He held several local offices, and was an unsuccessful candidate for election in
1836 to the
Twenty-fifth Congress. He was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
Francis Jacob Harper. There were allegations of fraud during the election against
Charles J. Ingersoll. Local election officials certified Ingersoll as the winner while state officials declared Naylor the winner. Both candidates claimed victory and appeared in Washington D.C. to claim the seat. Congress declared Naylor the winner by 775 votes and he was sworn into office. He was reelected to the
Twenty-sixth Congress. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in
1840. He resumed the practice of law. During the
Mexican–American War, Naylor raised a company of volunteers called the Philadelphia Rangers (also known as the "Killers and Bouncers") and served as captain. The company was praised by General
Robert Patterson for their actions at the
Battle of Cerro Gordo. After the war he settled in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. He returned to Philadelphia and practiced law. He died on December 24, 1872, ==Published works==