The school was founded before the Second World War as the Canterbury Technical High School for Boys. It shared the old hospital building on Longport Street with a girls' equivalent (which became
Barton Court Grammar School) and the Technical College (now
Canterbury College). In September 1967 the boys' school moved to the current site on Spring Lane. In 1973 the school was renamed the Geoffrey Chaucer School and took its first female students. In 1990 the school became one of the first to be translated into a technology school with the encouragement the Conservative government, it was launched under the headship of Noreen Manning, previously head of Camden School for Girls in London who subsequently retired from the Chaucer through ill health. Around the same time as the implementation of a college system in 2008, the
school uniform was updated following a school-wide consultation, the senior management of the school was restructured and a rebranding of the school's image was completed. The school was then often referred to as "Chaucer Tech". In Spring 2009 Chaucer was used in a
BBC Inside Out South East television news feature to highlight the issue of
asbestos in local school buildings. it was detected in two small cupboards that were used to store asbestos before it was linked with lung disorders. The school was used as the case study example of one of the 90 per cent of local schools that had asbestos. The school was found to have asbestos (like 554 out of 599 schools in Kent) but was shown to have dealt with the problem. Pupils from the school were chosen to be members of a "guard of honour" for athletes at the opening ceremony of the
2012 Olympic Games, displaying artistic creations that the school had made to celebrate the event. Up to the early years of the second decade of the 21st century the school was well regarded and received satisfactory reports following inspections, but later the school was reported to be unsatisfactory and was closed by the Council in 2015. ==Campus==