The early history of Gloucestershire is dominated by the
Grace family, most notably
W. G. Grace, who was the club's original captain and held that post until his departure for London in 1899. His brother
E. M. Grace, although still an active player, was the original club secretary. With the Grace brothers and
Billy Midwinter in their team, Gloucestershire won three
Champion County titles in the 1870s. Since then Gloucestershire's fortunes have been mixed and they have never won the official
County Championship. They struggled in the pre-war years of the County Championship because their best batsmen, apart from
Gilbert Jessop and briefly
Charlie Townsend, were very rarely available. The bowling, except when Townsend did sensational things on sticky wickets in late 1895 and late 1898, was very weak until
George Dennett emerged – then it had the fault of depending far too much on him.
Wally Hammond, who still holds many of the county's batting records formed part of an occasionally strong inter-war team, although the highest championship finish during this period was second in 1930 and 1931, when
Charlie Parker and
Tom Goddard formed a devastating spin attack. Outstanding players since the war include
Tom Graveney,
"Jack" Russell and overseas players
Mike Procter,
Zaheer Abbas and
Courtney Walsh.
Dominance in one-day cricket (1999–2004) Gloucestershire was very successful in one-day cricket in the late 1990s and early 2000s winning several titles under the captaincy of
Mark Alleyne and coaching of
John Bracewell. The club operated on a small budget and was famed as a team greater than the sum of its parts, boasting few international stars. His figures in the first innings were 3–68, including a wicket in his first over in Test cricket, and he was widely praised for his debut performance. Following the retirement of several key players, such as
"Jack" Russell and
Mark Alleyne, Gloucestershire's fortunes declined. The club subsequently stripped back its playing budget as it looked to finance the redevelopment of the
Bristol County Ground in order to maintain Category B status and secure future international games at their home ground. Performances suffered and despite reaching the final of the 2007 Twenty20 Cup, losing narrowly to Kent, the club failed to win any major trophies for a decade. In 2013 Gloucestershire stopped using 'Gloucestershire Gladiators' as its limited-overs name. Gloucestershire won their first major silverware for 11 years in 2015, overcoming favoured
Surrey to win the
Royal London One-Day Cup in the final at
Lord's. Captain
Michael Klinger, who flew back from Australia to play in the semi-final win over
Yorkshire, was named the tournament's MVP scoring 531 runs at an average of over 106. In
2024 Gloucestershire broke their
T20 Blast duck, winning it for the first time with wins over
Sussex in the semi final and West Country rivals
Somerset in the final. The Shire became the first county to take 20 wickets on a single Finals Day, while David Payne became the leading pace bowling wicket taker in the history of the T20 Blast after picking up three wickets in the final. ==Rivalries==