Cheng was elected mayor of Taoyuan City after winning the
2014 mayoral election held on 29 November 2014, defeating incumbent
Kuomintang (KMT) magistrate John Wu, to whom Cheng lost in 2009. Following the election, Cheng appointed
Chiu Tai-san and
Wang Ming-teh as deputy mayors of Taoyuan. In April 2017, Cheng's rib was fractured after he was attacked by protesters outside
Legislative Yuan who opposed a pension system reform bill. Cheng did not press charges against the perpetrator citing his belief in democratic politics. In the
2018 elections, Cheng defeated KMT contender
Apollo Chen and three independent candidates to win a second term as mayor of Taoyuan. In October 2022,
New Party city council candidate publicly alleged that Cheng had committed plagiarism or hired a ghostwriter to write his master's thesis at NTU. After an investigation by the university, Cheng's thesis was revoked and master's degree rescinded. ==Post-mayoralty career==