A shorter version of the chiton was called the
chitoniskos.
Doric chiton The
Doric chiton is a single rectangle of
woolen or linen fabric. It can be worn plain or with an overfold called an
apoptygma (ἀπόπτυγμα), which is more common to women. It can be draped and fastened at the shoulder by pins (Greek: peronai; Latin:
fibulae) or sewing, or by buttons.
Ionic chiton The
Ionic chiton could also be made from linen or wool and was draped without the fold and held in place from neck to wrist by several small pins or buttons. Herodotus states the dress of the women in Athens was changed from the Doric
peplos to the Ionic chiton after the widows of the men killed
on military expedition to Aegina stabbed and killed the sole survivor with their peplos pins, each demanding where their husband was. This lynching 'seemed a thing more terrible than the disaster'. Thereafter their chitons were held with buttons, often styled with the face of the
Gorgon.
Zoster A large belt called a
zoster could be worn over the chiton, usually under the breast ("high-girdled") or around the waist ("low-girdled") or a narrower "
zone" or girdle could be used. The chiton's length was greater than the height of the wearer, so excessive fabric was pulled above the belt, like a blouse. A double-girdled style also existed. The chiton was often worn in combination with the heavier
himation over it, which had the role of a cloak.
Monochiton When used alone (without a himation), the chiton was called a
monochiton. A long chiton which reached the heels was called a
chiton poderes, while a longer one which dragged the ground was called a
chiton syrtos or an
helkekhitōn (ἑλκεχίτων) (). A woman's chiton would always be worn at ankle length. Men wore the long chiton during the Archaic period, but later wore it at knee length, except for certain occupations such as priests and charioteers, and also the elderly. A sleeved form was worn by priests and actors. The colour or pattern would often indicate status, but varied over time. The chiton was the outfit of
Aphrodite because it was considered very feminine, although men also wore it.
Dionysus is often depicted wearing it. The chiton was also worn by the
Romans after the 3rd century BC. However, they referred to it as a
tunica. An example of the chiton can be seen, worn by the
caryatids, in the porch of the
Erechtheion in Athens. A charioteer's chiton can be seen on the
Charioteer of Delphi (474 BC) in the image at the beginning of the article. shows a short oneshouldered chiton. In
Sparta, Laconian women's clothing was simple and short. They wore the Dorian
peplos, with slit skirts which bared their thighs. The Dorian peplos was made of a heavier woolen material than was common in Ionia, and was fastened at the shoulder by pins. When running races, Spartan girls wore a distinctive single-shouldered knee-length chiton. ==See also==