monument and National shrine in
Almada, Portugal in
Roslindale, Massachusetts, depicting Christ the King in the
regalia of a
Byzantine emperor Pope Pius XI's first
encyclical was
Ubi arcano Dei consilio of December 1922. Writing in the aftermath of World War I, Pius noted that while there had been a cessation of hostilities, there was no true peace. He deplored the rise of class divisions and unbridled nationalism, and held that true peace can only be found under the Kingship of Christ as "Prince of Peace". "For Jesus Christ reigns over the minds of individuals by his teachings, in their hearts by His love, in each one's life by the living according to His law and the imitating of His example." Christ's kingship was addressed again in Pius's encyclical
Quas primas, published in 1925. Michael D. Greaney calls it "possibly one of the most misunderstood and ignored encyclicals of all time." The encyclical quotes with approval
Cyril of Alexandria, noting that Jesus's kingship was given to him by the Father and was not obtained by violence: "'Christ,' it says, 'has dominion over all creatures, a dominion not seized by violence nor usurped, but his by essence and by nature.'" It also references
Pope Leo XIII's 1899
Annum sacrum wherein Leo relates the Kingship of Christ to devotion to his
Sacred Heart. In November 1926 Pius gave his assent to the establishment of the first church dedicated to Christ under the title of
King. The Church of Our Lord, Christ the King, a young parish in the neighborhood of
Mount Lookout, Cincinnati, which had previously been operating out of a pharmacy located in the neighborhood square, soon began to flourish. In May 1927, a proper sanctuary and neighborhood icon was consecrated. Designed by architect
Edward J. Schulte, the building exemplifies the designer's signature marriage of
art deco decoration in
brutalist construction, principally arranged to mimic ancient liturgical spaces of early Christianity.
Feast of Christ the King The
Solemnity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe was instituted by Pius in 1925. The
General Roman Calendar of 1969 moved its observance in the
Roman Rite to the last Sunday of
Ordinary Time, the final Sunday of the liturgical year. Most
Anglicans,
Lutherans and some
Protestants celebrate it on the same day. However, Catholics who observe the pre-
Vatican II General Roman Calendar of 1960, and members of the
Anglican Catholic Church celebrate it instead on the last Sunday of October, the Sunday before
All Saints' Day, the day assigned in 1925. == Oklahoma ==