Early career '', by
Philip James de Loutherbourg Tilson joined the British Army on 13 February 1788 as a
second lieutenant in the
23rd Regiment of Foot. He was promoted to
lieutenant in the 23rd in 1790 and then became
captain of an
Independent Company on 25 April 1793. In the following year he was promoted to
major in the
99th Regiment of Foot. Tilson was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and given command of the regiment on 15 November of the same year. He was with the regiment in the
West Indies during 1796, when the Dutch colonies of
Demerara,
Essequibo, and
Berbice agreed to surrender to the British. Under the command of Major-General
John Whyte and with two other regiments, the 99th successfully occupied Demerara and Essequibo on 21 April, and Berbice on 28 April. The 99th was disbanded in 1797 and Tilson went on
half pay in March 1798. On 24 January 1799 Tilson was given command of the
44th Regiment of Foot which was serving in garrison at
Gibraltar; he was then promoted to
brevet colonel on 1 January 1800. In October the regiment joined the expedition preparing to fight the
British campaign in Egypt, in Major-General
Sir John Doyle's 4th Brigade. They spent some time ashore at
Minorca in November to train and prepare for long cross country marches and then in February 1801 practiced amphibious landings. The army landed in
Aboukir Bay on 8 March during the
Battle of Abukir, with Tilson's regiment 263 men strong. The 44th then fought at the
Battle of Mandora on 13 March where, still heavily understrength, they were ordered to attack two forward-placed French
howitzers that were dropping shells behind the hills the army was using as cover. The regiment charged the guns and destroyed them but was then caught in a crossfire by thirty French cannon situated on the Nicopolis heights on their right flank. The French sent out a force to counterattack Tilson's regiment and they were forced to retreat, having had two men killed and a further twenty five men injured, including Tilson. The regiment would go on to serve at the
Battle of Alexandria on 21 March but a different lieutenant-colonel is recorded as leading the 44th at this time. The campaign ended in September. On 25 May 1805 Tilson was appointed a
brigadier-general on the staff of the army of Lieutenant-General
Sir James Craig that initiated the
Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples soon afterwards. The occupation ended in the following year when the advance of a French army of 30,000 men, combined with the defeat at the
Battle of Austerlitz, put Craig's force, 8,000 men strong, into an untenable position. They left Naples for
Messina on 19 January.
High command Porto campaign Tilson retained his appointment as brigadier after the occupation and travelled to serve in the West Indies in 1806. He was promoted to
major-general on 25 April 1808 and in March 1809 was sent to serve on the staff of the army in the
Iberian Peninsula fighting the
Peninsular War. From April he commanded the
3rd Brigade in the army, divisions not having yet been implemented, in a
column commanded by Marshal
William Carr Beresford. During the French retreat after the
Second Battle of Porto the column manoeuvred through high mountain roads in poor conditions in order to try and cut the path of the enemy retreat at
Amarante. The bridge at Amarante was guarded by a force commanded by General
Louis Henri Loison. The British reached it on 12 May, with a Portuguese force under General
Francisco da Silveira Pinto da Fonseca Teixeira having already pushed Loison back over the
Douro. In the evening of 12 May Loison left Amarante, leaving the French route of retreat open to Beresford. Tilson's brigade then began a chase after the main French army, with Tilson forced to beg food off of his Portuguese allies just to keep his 1,500 man brigade marching, his own supplies having been severely depleted. Many of Tilson's men fell behind during the advance, but the majority were able to later re-join the brigade. By 17 May the column had reached as far as
Chaves but in its exhaustion was unable to go any further, and the French succeeded in escaping.
Battle of Talavera of the
Battle of Talavera by
William Heath (1815) Later in the month Tilson resigned command of his brigade because he refused to continue to serve alongside the Portuguese soldiers of Beresford's column, having also gained a reputation as an incompetent officer. Tilson was then appointed to command the 1st Brigade of Major-General
Rowland Hill's 2nd Division on 23 June, soon after its creation. He commanded the brigade at the
Battle of Talavera, where on 27 July Hill's division engaged an attacking column led by General
François Amable Ruffin and routed it as it attempted to take the high ground of the Cerro de Medellín on the left, or north, side of the battlefield. Towards the end of the engagement Hill was wounded in the head and Tilson took over command of the division for the remainder of the day. On the following day the battle continued and Tilson's brigade suffered heavy casualties in the morning from French cannon fire as they stood at their positions on the Cerro de Medellín, one of three brigades stationed there to ensure the hill was not re-taken. After forty-five minutes of cannon fire the French advanced to try and re-take the position, with Tilson facing the
24th Line Infantry. The British skirmishers retreated as the 24th advanced up the hill, and Hill then ordered Tilson's brigade and one other to stand and fire into the French, causing great confusion in the ranks of the 24th. A
bayonet charge was then called for, but before they could reach the French they had begun retreating back down the Cerro de Medellín. The routing of the 24th exposed the flank of Ruffin's remaining units, and attacks from the
King's German Legion pushed the rest of the force back. The French did not attack the Cerro de Medellín again during the battle. Tilson was thanked in the dispatches of Lieutenant-General
Sir Arthur Wellesley and would go on to receive the
Army Gold Medal with a
clasp for Talavera. Tilson was one of only two major-generals in command of a brigade in Wellesley's army at this time, but his incompetency outweighed his seniority. He was replaced in command of his brigade on 15 September, but stayed with the army afterwards.
2nd Division and Almaraz Tilson resigned his position in the army again in July 1810 and returned home to serve as a
staff officer; he was appointed a local
lieutenant-general to serve again in the peninsula on 11 November 1811. Tilson subsequently changed his surname to Chowne on 14 January 1812 in order to satisfy the conditions of an
inheritance he had received. He returned to the peninsula on 14 April as the
acting commander of the 2nd Division. Chowne's reputation in the army had not improved during his period of
leave, and historian Andrew Bamford argues that as an "obvious dud", Chowne was placed in a position where the reliable Hill could oversee and mentor him. He commanded the division "under Hill", and because of this was also employed away from his division for periods during this time; however he was present with the division, and Hill, at the
Battle of Almaraz. Hill commanded 6,000 men split into three columns, with the intention of capturing and destroying a tactically important bridge and the fortresses guarding it at
Almaraz. The force left
Almendralejo on 12 May and by 16 May they had reached
Jaraicejo, to the south of Almaraz, through a series of difficult and mountainous passes. Chowne commanded the left-most of Hill's columns, tasked with making a diversionary attack on the fortress of Mirabete, south-west of the bridge. On the night of 17–18 May the three columns began to march towards their target, but only Chowne's column arrived before dawn, and he failed to take advantage of the opportunity to attack Mirabete. Early in the morning of 19 May, Chowne made his
feint on the castle with a heavy bombardment of 24-pound howitzers and a small attack by some
skirmishers, which diverted the attention of the French forces guarding the bridge itself. Hill simultaneously brought his other two columns down and attacked and captured the fortress that guarded the bridge on their side of the
River Tagus. They used the guns of the captured fortress to destroy her consort on the other side of the river along with the bridge, which was made of
pontoons. After this, incorrect reports that a French army was mustering nearby reached Hill, and he had his force withdraw, reaching the safety of
Merida on 26 May.
Recall and retirement Chowne relinquished his position within the 2nd Division in November or December 1812 and on 6 December he left the peninsula for the final time when Wellesley, now Lord Wellington, requested his recall from the
theatre. This recall was part of a larger campaign by Wellington to remove his most inept generals from the army, of which Chowne was the last to leave. An air of incompetency had surrounded Chowne since the start of his service in the peninsula, but added to that now was the opinion that he had spent too much of his time on leave in England. Colonel
Henry Torrens, the
Military Secretary, wrote that: Chowne's recall was timed so that he was not present with the army on 4 June 1813, when he received his full promotion to lieutenant-general and may have been required to fulfil more important duties than he had previously. His foreign service at an end, Chowne was given the colonelcy of the
76th Regiment of Foot on 17 February 1814. He spent the rest of the war unemployed, making up part of
Jane Austen's
Drury Lane party in early March. At the close of the
War of 1812 he was appointed to sit on the
court martial of Lieutenant-General
Sir George Prevost which was planned for 15 January 1816, but Prevost died on 5 January and the court martial was never held. Chowne was promoted to
general in 1830 and died four years later on 15 July 1834, at his house in Eaton Place,
Pimlico. ==Family==