The church rates were set by the
churchwardens together with the parishioners, who were duly assembled after proper notice had been posted in the church vestry or the church. The rates thus set were recoverable in the
ecclesiastical court, or, if the arrears did not exceed £10 and no questions were raised as to the legal liability, before two
justices of the peace. Any payment made out of the rate which was not strictly recognised by law destroyed its validity. The church rate was a personal charge imposed on the occupier of
land or of a house in the parish, and, though it was compulsory, it was often difficult to enforce: especially so in the case of
Nonconformists, who had conscientious objections to supporting the
Established Church; in Ireland, where the population was mostly Roman Catholic, the grievance was specially felt and resented. The objections of the Nonconformists were not only on principle. The
Church of England received financial support from Parliament, while Nonconformist congregations were entirely dependent on voluntary contributions. They did not want to have to support another parish as well as their own. Enforcement of the rate was not uniform across the country. Resolutions were passed protesting against the rate, and societies to abolish the rate were formed all over the country. In 1836 at a public meeting in London, a central committee, the Church Rate Abolition Society, was formed to co-ordinate the efforts of local abolitionist Societies. In 1837, Parliament made two concessions to the Nonconformists: a more acceptable
marriage ceremony, and the
civil registration of births, deaths and marriages. However, the parish rate remained compulsory until 1868. The Whig leader in the House of Commons,
Lord John Russell, supported the rate but in 1856
The Times called the government's attention to what the editor believed was a civil war raging throughout the country on the church rate question. The
Compulsory Church Rate Abolition Act 1868 (
31 & 32 Vict. c. 109) church rates no longer compulsory, but merely voluntary, with those who were not willing to pay the rate being excluded from inquiring into, objecting to or voting in respect of their expenditure. ==Present day==