The Class C60 (C60形) is a 4-6-4 wheel arrangement steam locomotive type born from the rebuilding of 47 out of 173 surplus Class C59 4-6-2 Pacific locomotives. Hideo Shima redesigned 47 C59s between 1953 and 1961 at the JNR Hamamatsu and Kōriyama factories. 39 locos were rebuilt from pre-war C59s, while 8 were rebuilt from post-war variants and renumbered to C60 101 to 108. With the spread of electrification, lower axle loads and greater versatility had become more important requirements than sheer pulling power, so an additional trailing axle was included to reduce the heavy axle load of the C59 and allow more widespread use.