on the
Rectory Junction Viaduct near
Netherfield, Nottinghamshire Steam engines The company began building
portable steam engines in 1845, In 1905, they exhibited lightweight traction engines at the Royal Show. These were known as tractors, as were similar machines exhibited by Aveling and Porter and nearby competitors Ruston, Proctor of Lincoln. The lightweight construction enabled them to be classified as "heavy motorcars" under the legislation of the time. By 1908, they had improved their designs by including a mechanical lubrication system, replacing the need for the driver to stop the machine to oil the moving parts at regular intervals. 33 of the company's traction engines survived into preservation along with 11 steam rollers and 3 steam wagons.
Exports By 1870 the company was employing 1,200 people at their Lincoln base. Many of their products were shipped overseas, and they opened several foreign branches in order to facilitate this. The first was in
Vienna (Austria), and other branches followed in
Pest (Hungary),
Prague (now the Czech Republic),
Kraków (now Poland) and
Lemberg (now Ukraine). The administrative structure changed in 1901, when the firm became a limited company, with Alfred Shuttleworth (1843–1925), son of the founder, becoming the chairman.
Internal combustion engines For a short time in the 20th century Clayton & Shuttleworth made tractors. In 1911 they built a four-cylinder
oil engine with car-type radiator, sheet-metal bonnet and cab roof. A tractor with an oil engine, magneto ignition and mechanical lubrication was exhibited at the Royal Show at Norwich in that year. It came with a speed governor, allowing it to be used for powering threshing machines, dynamos and pumps. They also displayed a tractor which had been designed for the South American and Canadian markets, and could use either oil or petrol as its fuel. By 1913, they had produced a valveless semi-diesel engine, where the movement of the piston controlled the admission of air to the cylinders and the discharging of exhaust gases. Four machines with this engine fitted were exhibited at the Royal Show, held on Durdham Down in Bristol. This was followed in 1916 by a four-cylinder gas-kerosene engine
crawler tractor ("Chain Rail"). Interest in track-laying vehicles had been sparked by the success of tanks in the First World War. The vehicles were fitted with Dorman 6.3 litre engines, initially marketed as but subsequently becoming . The machine was steered by a conventional steering wheel, which controlled large cone clutches to connect the drive to the tracks on either side, but sharper turns could be made by using a footbrake to stop either of the tracks independently. The tractor was produced until the mid-1920s, and again briefly in 1928, but production ceased when the company was taken over by Marshall & Sons. The company also built a gun tractor, similar to a
Holt tractor. Clayton and Shuttleworth were the first British company to make a
combine harvester.
Aircraft on display at the ''Musée Royal de l'Armée et de l'Histoire Militaire'' in Belgium s were built. In 1916 the company made parts for the Supermarine Scout airship for the Admiralty, and during the
First World War it won a number of contracts to build aircraft for both the
War Office and the
Admiralty. The first contract was to build the
Sopwith Triplane; although the War Office later cancelled their contract, 49 were built for the
Royal Naval Air Service, with the first Clayton-built aircraft delivered on 2 December 1916. The company built the aircraft in the eastern end of the Titanic Works, from where they were pushed outside for engine runs. Following ground tests the aircraft were dismantled and taken to Robey's Aerodrome at
Bracebridge Heath for test flying and delivery. In March 1917 the company received a contract to build the
Sopwith Camel, and this remained in production until 1919, by which time more than 500 aircraft had been constructed. In 1916 a new works was built to enable the company to produce the large
Handley Page O/400 bomber. When completed, the aircraft – unlike the smaller Sopwith aircraft – were flown out for testing and delivery from a field to the east of the works; the field became known as Handley Page Field. After completion of the O/400 contract an order was received to build the
Vickers Vimy, but only one was constructed before the
Armistice and the contract was cancelled.
Red Baron; Richard Shuttleworth One of the most notable aircraft built by Clayton & Shuttleworth was Sopwith Camel
B7270, flown by Canadian pilot
Roy Brown, and officially credited with shooting down the Red Baron
Manfred von Richthofen. The company issued a souvenir leaflet after the war to celebrate the success. Modern research indicates, however, that Brown may not in fact have fired the fatal shot.
Richard Ormonde Shuttleworth, the grandson of Joseph Shuttleworth, co-founder of the company, was a noted racing motorist, aviator and collector of cars and aircraft. Cars and aircraft acquired by him formed the basis of what is now known as the
Shuttleworth Collection. An officer in the
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR), he was killed in a night flying accident in World War II. ==Closure==