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Cleveland Trust Company Building

The Cleveland Trust Company Building is a 1907 building designed by George B. Post and located at the intersection of East 9th Street and Euclid Avenue in downtown Cleveland's Nine-Twelve District. The building is a mix of Beaux-Arts, Neoclassical, and Renaissance Revival architectural styles. It features a glass-enclosed rotunda, a tympanum sculpture, and interior murals.

Background
Cleveland Trust Company was founded in 1894, and was one of the first banks in Cleveland to have branch locations. Cleveland Trust merged with the Western Reserve Trust Co. in 1903, and by 1905 had outgrown the space it rented for its headquarters. The bank decided to construct a building which would be large enough to serve as its headquarters for years to come. The second was the Wedge Building and land, obtained for $100,000 at the same time and as part of the First Methodist purchase. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, title to the land would not be turned over to the Cleveland Trust until 1904. The purchaser of both properties was Charles Lathrop Pack, president of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Post was a nationally known architect whose works included the New York World Building (1890), then the world's tallest building; the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building at the World's Columbian Exposition (1893), the Bronx Borough Hall in The Bronx, New York (1897); and the New York Stock Exchange Building (1903). Post was already known in Cleveland for designing the Williamson Building (1900), an 18-story office building on Public Square. Construction Salvage work on the existing buildings began in April 1905, and demolition of them in May. Demolition was halfway complete by June 18. By this time, Post's plans for the new bank building envisioned the bank itself taking up half the block, with an office building or trade center taking up the rest. The Cleveland Trust contracted with John Gill & Sons, a Cleveland construction firm, to build the new structure. Ground was broken on December 9, 1905, and construction was estimated to last 400 days. The estimated cost of the structure was $600,000 ($ in dollars). Construction on the building continued throughout 1906. Several serious accidents occurred at the construction site. On January 25, 46-year-old bricklayer Steven Johnson fell from scaffolding and fractured his skull and wrist. Engineer G.A. Donsee had his left leg crushed on June 19 when a high derrick fell on him. The third accident resulted in a fatality, when workman William Crouch died after being struck in head by falling debris on August 25. In April 1907, the builders estimated that the structure would be finished by November 1. But construction delays prevented the building from being completed until December 28, 1907. The Cleveland Trust Company occupied its new headquarters on January 1, 1908. The final cost of the structure had also risen substantially, to $1 million ($ in dollars). ==About the original building==
About the original building
When completed, the four-story historian Sharon Gregor in 2010, and ''Crain's Cleveland Business'' magazine in 2015. and Litt described it as such in 1997. The building was widely praised, then and now, as "an ingenious solution to problems posed by an irregular site". Exterior and superstructure The exterior of the structure is made of white granite from the North Jay Granite Company, and quarried near Jay, Maine. The site is not square, due to the acute angle at which Euclid Avenue intersects with E. 9th Street. To accommodate the site, Post created a total of 13 bays Intricate embossed bronze brackets supported the second-floor balcony. Seven assistants worked on the sculpture, with Bitter supervising the roughing out but doing the final sculpting himself. The work was unveiled on October 8, 1907. The work was considered a turning point in Bitter's career, when he matured from an over-reliance on classicism and began developing his own style. The rotunda's dome has an unusual number of segments (13), due to the acute angle of the building site. Historians Sharon Gregor and G. E. Kidder Smith, however, say it is only in the style of Tiffany. Sandvick Architects, consultant to the Geis Cos. on the renovation, said in 2013 that there was no documentary evidence to attribute the dome to Tiffany. To protect the stained glass dome, a dome of wire-mesh reinforced glass was installed above the inner dome. Rotunda The rotunda stands above a five-sided room. Each of the walls in the room are of a different size. The interior walls of the rotunda were finished in white marble and bronze capitals, light fixtures, railings, and other elements. The interior also featured columns clad in white marble, and the drum supporting the dome was decorated with carved marble garlands, dyed in pastel colors and gilded with bronze. the work featured the bank's name, a bag of money, a key, and an attorney's seal—all symbols of banking. The second floor (which had high ceilings) The bank had four vaults: The main vault, safe deposit box vault, and storage vaults for fur clothing and household silver. The main vault was in size. Its walls were structural steel plate ("armor"), encased in of concrete. The steel was provided by the Carnegie Steel Company. The vault door was manufactured by the L. H. Miller Safe and Iron Works of Baltimore. Murals The drum of the building was supported by arches supported by the interior columns. The tympanum framed by these arches were decorated by murals designed and painted by Francis David Millet. The Cleveland Trust Company hired Millet some time in the fall of 1908. Millet sketched out various designs for the murals until he developed a design he liked. Then a full-size "cartoon" (black and white line drawing) of the sketch was put in place in the tympanum to ensure that the design worked visually. After adjusting the design as needed, Millet sketched and then painted 13 smaller versions of the murals, each of them about in height and in width. Work on the draft paintings at Millet's Forest Hill studio in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., was under way by at least late March 1909. These small paintings were scaled up and transferred to manila paper using charcoal sticks. These scaled-up versions were corrected (if needed), and restudied in place in the tympanum. By late May, Millet was still at work adjusting the murals and finishing the final drafts. Work on the murals was complete by June 5, 1909. During this time, they were viewed by President William Howard Taft, various officials of the federal government, and members of the diplomatic corps. The final works were again transferred to manila paper using charcoal sticks, and the manila drawings used to transfer the design to canvas which was then affixed to the wall. Millet and three assistants spent a year transferring Millet's designs to the walls, work which was completed in late December 1909 or early January 1910. Titled The Development of Civilization in America, the paintings include: "The Norse Discoverers", "The Puritans", "Exploration By Land", "LaSalle on Lake Erie", "Father Hennepin at Niagara Falls", "Exploration By Water", "Migration", "Buying Land From the Indians", "Surveying the Site of Cleveland", "Felling the Timber", "Building the Log Cabin", "Plowing the Clearing", and "Gathering the Harvest". A pneumatic tube system ran throughout the Cleveland Trust Company Building, connecting tellers to bookkeepers and each department. A telautograph was also located in each department. This device enabled a handwritten message to be reproduced at the receiving station. The building also had 76 telephones (quite a large number for the era), and two private telephone exchanges in the building to accommodate telephone traffic. The building also had a central vacuum cleaner system and a primitive air conditioning system known as "artificial ventilation" were built into the plaster-coated columns. ==History==
History
In 1910, the Swetland family, major real estate developers in downtown Cleveland, built the Swetland Building (at 1010 Euclid Avenue) adjacent to the Cleveland Trust Company Building. The building was 13 stories tall and Chicago school architectural style. In September 1919, the Cleveland Trust Company proposed building an 11-story tower atop the Cleveland Trust Company Building. The bank hired George B. Post to design the tower, but it was never built. The exterior of the Cleveland Trust Company Building became increasingly dirty in its first 55 years, but calls by the news media to clean the structure were largely ignored by the bank. The building underwent its first exterior cleaning (a type of abrasive blasting) in July 1964. The exterior was cleaned again in mid-1971 using a chemical (rather than abrasive) process. The exterior of the building was then coated with a resin which gave the building a slight cream color. In 1967, the Cleveland Trust Company announced plans to build an office tower on E. 9th Street adjacent to the Cleveland Trust Company Building. Known as the Cleveland Trust Tower, the 29-story office tower was designed by architect Marcel Breuer in the Brutalist architectural style and completed in October 1971. A new passageway connected the basement of the Cleveland Trust Company Building with the new tower. 1972-1973 renovation On January 13, 1972, the Cleveland Trust Company Building was closed to the public in preparation for a major renovation. merged with Society National Bank in 1991, and Key Bank of Albany, New York, merged Society National Bank in 1993. The new company was called KeyCorp and headquartered in Cleveland. The Richard E. Jacobs Group had constructed Society Center for Society National Bank. In February 1996, KeyCorp leased eight floors in the McDonald Investment Center and three floors at Society Center, but agreed to pay for all the operational costs at Society Center. On March 8, 1996, the Jacobs Group acquired the Cleveland Trust Company Building for $10. KeyCorp agreed to the extremely low purchase price because it had assumed control of Society Center. Society Center was renamed Key Tower on March 20, With all banking operations now centralized in Key Tower, the Cleveland Trust Company Building and the Cleveland Trust Tower were no longer needed. Both buildings closed in December 1996 as part of a wide-ranging closure of numerous KeyCorp branches. The building was open to the public only irregularly between 1997 and 2004. It was open for nearly a week for "Ingenuity Fest" in April 2005. Cuyahoga County ownership Cuyahoga County bought the Cleveland Trust Company Building, Cleveland Trust Tower, Swetland Building, and two other adjacent structures for $21.7 million ($ in dollars) in September 2005. Initially, the county intended to turn the complex into a new home for county government. The county hired the Cleveland architectural firm of Robert P. Madison International and the New York City-based firm of Kohn Pedersen Fox to design a replacement building for the Breuer tower. Their concept, revealed in June 2007, proposed a 15-story glass-enclosed tower that would isolate the Cleveland Trust Company Building on the corner. The county commissioners reversed their decision to demolish the tower on June 15, 2007. Meanwhile, the county spent about $13 million removing asbestos from the building and purchasing the adjacent Oppmann parking garage. K & D Group of Willoughby, Ohio, proposed purchasing the entire complex in June 2008. It planned to turn the lower floors of the tower into a hotel and the upper floors into apartments. The Swetland Building would be demolished and a new office building erected, while the Cleveland Trust Company Building would be repurposed. The deal collapsed in July 2009 after K & D Group was unable to obtain financing for its project. In February 2016, Judge Patricia Cosgrove ruled that the county had waited too long to bring its complaint under a state statute of limitations law. Reopening In December 2012, Cuyahoga County announced that it had signed an agreement with the Geis Cos. of Streetsboro, Ohio, regarding the Cleveland Trust complex of buildings. Geis agreed to demolish the Oppmann Garage and build a 15-story office building and parking garage on the site. Cuyahoga County would lease the top eight floors of the structure. The deal also permitted Geis to purchase the Cleveland Trust complex for just $26.5 million ($ in dollars). The purchase price was low to offset the construction costs of the new office tower. Over the next two weeks, Geis agreed to not demolish the Oppmann Garage, but the P & H Buildings just south of the Trust Tower (at the corner of E. 9th Street and Prospect Avenue). Geis modified its office tower plans, reducing the structure's height to just eight stories. It offered the county a 26-year lease on the entire structure, with the right to buy the building outright for just $1 at the end of the lease. It also increased its bid for the Cleveland Trust complex to $27 million ($ in dollars). The Cleveland Trust Tower would be renovated, with the lower floors becoming a 156-room hotel and the upper floors 105 luxury apartments. The Cleveland Trust Company Building would be repurposed into a grocery store, operated by Heinen's Fine Foods (a local company). The ground floor would become part of the grocery store, while the second floor would become a café and wine shop. The third floor would be turned into offices. The ground floor of the Swetland Building would become part of Heinen's, while the upper floors would be renovated into 100 apartments. Completion of the project was set for late 2014. The renovated building reopened on February 25, 2015. The Plain Dealer, upon the opening of the Heinen's, called the renovation "both visionary and very, very smart." ==About the renovated building==
About the renovated building
The current Cleveland Trust Company Building is part of a complex of three buildings collectively known as The 9 Cleveland. As of 2015, the basement of the structure has been turned into a bar and nightclub known as The Vault. The center of the rotunda serves as a dining area, and is occupied by small tables with chairs. The second floor consists of a large wine and craft beer shop, with a café area for beverage tasting. The vault on the first floor was repurposed as an office for the store. The third floor contains offices for the grocery store and The 9 Cleveland. ==Popular culture==
Popular culture
• The building is used as the home of a dragon named Aloeus in S. Andrew Swann's fantasy novel Dragons of the Cuyahoga. • The building's interior and exterior appeared in several scenes in Marvel's Avengers from 2012. • The building is used as the setting for D.M. Pulley's novel The Dead Key, winner of the Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award in 2014. ==See also==
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