Geography of Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda both are generally low-lying islands whose terrain has been influenced more by limestone formations than volcanic activity. The highest point on Antigua is Boggy Peak, the remnant of a volcanic crater rising 402 meters (1,319 ft). This mountain is located amid a bulge of hills of volcanic origin in the southwestern part of the island. Lake Estate is the third tallest recorded point on Antigua. The limestone formations in the northeast and northwest are separated from the southwestern volcanic area by a central plain of clay formations. The map of northeastern Antigua features several small and tiny islands, some inhabited. Barbuda's highest elevation is , part of the highland plateau east of Codrington. The shorelines of both islands are greatly indented with beaches, lagoons, and natural harbors. The islands are rimmed by reefs and shoals. There are few streams as rainfall is slight. Both islands lack adequate amounts of fresh groundwater. Tiny Redonda rises to and has very little level ground, while Barbuda is very flat with few if any hills. ==Oceanography==

Due to the spread out islands it has an Exclusive Economic Zone of . ==Islands==

The islands' climate is moderated by fairly constant northeast tradewinds, with velocities ranging between . The coolest period is between December and February. }} == Environmental issues ==

; Location: : Antigua and Barbuda are Caribbean islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico. ; Geographic coordinates: : ; Area :* Total: (Antigua ; Barbuda ) :*country comparison to the world: 205 :* Land: :* Note: Includes Redonda, : ; Maritime claims: :* Territorial sea: :* Contiguous zone: :* Exclusive economic zone: and :* Continental shelf: or to the edge of the continental margin ; Terrain:Mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas ; Land use :* Arable land: 20.5% :* Permanent crops: 2.3% :* Permanent pasture: 9.1% :* Forest: 22.3% :* Other: 57.2% (2011) ; Irrigated land: (2012) ; Total renewable water resources : (2011) ; Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) :* Total: /yr (63%/21%/15%) :* Per capita: /yr (2005) ; Environment - current issues : Water management, a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources, is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly ; Environment:international agreements :* Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling ; Geography - note : Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches. Antigua's southernmost point is Cape Shirley. : Barbuda has a large western harbor. ==Extreme points==

Antigua • Northernmost point – Boon Point • Easternmost point - Man of War Point, Green Island • Easternmost point (mainland only) - Neck of Land • Southernmost point - Nanton Point • Southernmost point (including Redonda) - headland on southern coast of Redonda (also the southernmost point in Antigua and Barbuda) • Westernmost point - Five Islands • Westernmost point (including Redonda) - headland on Western coast of Redonda (also the westernmost point in Antigua and Barbuda) • Westernmost point (mainland only) - Pearns Point • Lowest point: Caribbean Sea: 0 m • Highest point: Boggy Peak: Barbuda • Northernmost point – Goat Point (also the northernmost point in Antigua and Barbuda) • Easternmost point – unnamed headland on eastern coast (also the easternmost point in Antigua and Barbuda) • Southernmost point – Coco Point • Westernmost point – Cedar Tree Point • Highest point – the northern edge of the eastern plateau (44.5m) ==References==