Austin was born in
Finchville,
Orange County, New York, the second of ten children to farmers James C. Austin and Elizabeth (Cortwright) Austin. He attended public school when he was young but also worked on his family farm. His interest in plant life also came at an early age and he was a constant companion to his mother in her flower garden. In the early 1850s, Austin attended Rankin Classical School in
Sussex County, New Jersey, where he dedicated himself to the study of botany thanks to the influence of Mrs. Rankin, who was a botanist of note at that time. During this period he developed a particular passion for mosses and
lichens. Austin would go on to develop internationally renowned skills for naming and identifying
bryophytes. In 1870, he published his most well-known work,
Musci appalachiani, which dealt with the mosses of the
Eastern United States. followed by two other exsiccatae. He died in
Closter, New Jersey, where he had lived most of his adult life. He was survived by his wife, one son, five daughters, and his parents. ==Legacy==