Saldanha's research examines the neural actions of
steroid hormones, with particular emphasis on their spatially and temporally localized effects within the brain. A central theme of his work is the characterization of
synaptocrine signaling, a mechanism in which estrogens are synthesized locally at synapses through the
enzyme aromatase, enabling rapid modulation of
neural activity,
synaptic plasticity and behaviour. His research has also shown that brain injury induces aromatase expression in astroglial cells, resulting in local
estrogen production with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, including sex-specific regulation of cytokine signalling. Using avian model systems, especially
songbirds, Saldanha has investigated the role of locally synthesized estrogens in learning, spatial and episodic-like memory, social and
reproductive behaviour, and
vocal communication. He has authored conceptual and comparative reviews on rapid hormone action and neural aromatization across vertebrate species. His work has been published in peer-reviewed journals including
Endocrine Reviews,
Endocrinology,
Current Biology,
Hormones and Behavior,
Journal of Neuroendocrinology and
Physiology & Behavior. ==Personal life and activism==