While anti-Jewish legislation had already been introduced by the Vichy regime by October 1940, the creation of the C.G.Q.J. was initiated by the German occupiers.
SS-Hauptsturmführer Theodor Dannecker,
Judenreferent in France, called in his memoir for the establishment of a "Jewish central office" on 21 January 1941. The C.G.Q.J. was founded by the law of 29 March 1941, with
Xavier Vallat as Commissioner-General, followed by
Louis Darquier de Pellepoix in May 1942. The Commissariat also introduced discriminatory measures against
Romani people, likewise targets of
Nazi racial policies. After Darquier de Pellepoix was expelled from office on 26 February 1944,
Charles du Paty de Clam was appointed Commissioner-General on 1 March 1944, mainly because he was the son of
Alfred Dreyfus' accuser,
Armand du Paty de Clam. Accused of passivity and disinterest towards the
aryanisation process, he was quickly replaced with
Joseph Antignac on 17 May 1944. By spring 1944, the Commissariat was dismissed as ineffective by French antisemitic newspapers: the
SS had to conduct deportations practically on their own during this period and communications between the
Judenreferat and Vichy virtually ceased. Germans had therefore to rely on one source of collaboration to carry on
the Holocaust in France: the paramilitary
Milice. Approximately 2,500 people were employed by the Commissariat-General between 1941 and 1944. The organization was eventually disbanded on 17 August 1944, followed by the
Liberation of Paris two days later. == List of Commissioners-General ==