Executive committee Organizations with a large
board of directors (such as international labor unions, large corporations with thousands of stockholders or national and international organizations) may have a smaller body of the board, called an
executive committee, to handle its business. The executive committee may function more like a board than an actual committee. In any case, an executive committee can only be established through a specific provision in the charter or
bylaws of the entity (i.e. a board cannot appoint an executive committee without authorization to do so). In Canada, conference committees have been unused since 1947. In the
European Union (EU)
legislative process, a similar committee is called a 'Conciliation Committee', which carries out the
Trilogue negotiations in case the
Council does not agree with a text amended and adopted by the
European Parliament at a second reading. Although the practice has fallen out of favour in other Australian Parliaments, the
Parliament of South Australia still regularly appoints a "Conference of Managers" from each House to negotiate compromises on disputed bills in private.
Different use of term In organizations, the term "conference committee" may have a different meaning. This meaning may be associated with the conferences, or
conventions, that the organization puts together. These committees that are responsible for organizing such events may be called "conference committees".
Standing committee A
standing committee is a subunit of a political or deliberative body established in a permanent fashion to aid the parent assembly in accomplishing its duties, for example by meeting on a specific, permanent policy domain (e.g. defence, health, or trade and industry). A standing committee is granted its scope and powers over a particular area of business by the governing documents. Standing committees meet on a regular or irregular basis depending on their function, and retain any power or oversight originally given them until subsequent official actions of the governing body (through changes to law or by-laws) disbands the committee.
Legislatures committees, the Social Policy and Family Committee, and the Education, Science and Youth Committee, in the
Sejm complex in 2018 Most governmental legislative committees are standing committees. This phrase is used in the legislatures of the following countries: •
Armenia •
Standing Committees of the National Assembly • Australia •
Australian House of Representatives committees •
Australian Senate committees • Canada •
List of committees of the Canadian House of Commons •
Standing committee (Canada) • China •
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress •
Special committee of the National People's Congress •
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party •
Iceland •
List of standing committees of the Icelandic parliament •
Ireland •
Committees of the Oireachtas • Hong Kong •
Legislative Council (Hong Kong) • India •
Standing committee (India) •
Malaysia •
Dewan Rakyat committees •
Dewan Negara committees • New Zealand •
New Zealand House of Representatives committees • Philippines •
List of Philippine House of Representatives committees • Thailand •
Parliamentary committees of Thailand • United Kingdom •
Parliamentary committees of the United Kingdom •
Public bill committee • United States •
Standing committee (United States Congress) Under the laws of the United States of America, a standing committee is a
Congressional committee permanently authorized by the
United States House of Representatives and
United States Senate rules. The
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 greatly reduced the number of committees, and set up the legislative committee structure still in use today, as modified by authorized changes via the orderly mechanism of rule changes.
Examples in organizations Examples of standing committees in organizations are; an audit committee, an elections committee, a finance committee, a fundraising committee, a governance committee, and a program committee. Typically, the standing committees perform their work throughout the year and present their reports at the
annual meeting of the organization. These committees continue to exist after presenting their reports, although the membership in the committees may change.
Nominating committee A
nominating committee (or nominations committee) is a group formed for the purpose of nominating candidates for office or the board in an organization. It may consist of members from inside the organization. Sometimes a governance committee takes the role of a nominating committee. Depending on the organization, this committee may be empowered to actively seek out candidates or may only have the power to receive nominations from members and verify that the candidates are eligible. A nominating committee works similarly to an
electoral college, the main difference being that the available candidates, either nominated or "written in" outside of the committee's choices, are then voted into office by the membership. It is a part of governance methods often employed by corporate bodies, business entities, and social and sporting groups, especially clubs. The intention is that they be made up of qualified and knowledgeable people representing the best interests of the membership. In the case of business entities, their directors will often be brought in from outside, and receive a benefit for their expertise. In the context of nominations for awards, a nominating committee can also be formed for the purpose of nominating persons or things held up for judgment by others as to their comparative quality or value, especially for the purpose of bestowing awards in the arts, or in application to industry's products and services. The objective being to update, set, and maintain high and possibly new standards.
Steering committee A
steering committee is a committee that provides guidance, direction and control to a project within an organization. The term is derived from the
steering mechanism that changes the steering angle of a vehicle's wheels. Project steering committees are frequently used for guiding and monitoring
IT projects in large organizations, as part of
project governance. The functions of the committee might include building a business case for the project, planning, providing assistance and guidance, monitoring the progress, controlling the project scope and resolving conflicts. As with other committees, the specific duties and role of the steering committee vary among organizations.
Coalition committee A
coalition committee is a steering committee for a coalition government, an informal body composed of leading figures from the
coalition parties and the
government. Coalition committees, in contrast to parliamentary committees, have no formal rights.
Special committee A
special committee (also working, select, or ad hoc committee) is established to accomplish a particular task or to oversee a specific area in need of control or oversight. Many are research or coordination committees in type or purpose and are temporary. Some are a sub-group of a larger society with a particular area of interest which are organized to meet and discuss matters pertaining to their interests. For example; a group of astronomers might be organized to discuss how to get the larger society to address
near Earth objects. A subgroup of engineers and scientists of a large project's development team could be organized to solve some particular issue with offsetting considerations and trade-offs. Once the committee makes its final report to its parent body, the special committee ceases to exist.
Committee of the whole When the entire assembly meets as a committee to discuss or debate, this is called a "
committee of the whole". This is a procedural device most commonly used by legislative bodies to discuss an issue under the rules of a committee meeting rather than the more formal and rigid rules which would have to be followed to actually enact legislation.
Central Committee "
Central Committee" is the common designation of the highest organ of
communist parties between
two congresses. The committee was elected by the party congress and led party activities, elected the
politburo and the
general secretary of the communist party. ==See also==