Communalism may refer to:African communalism, a system of interdependence in rural Africa Christian communism, form of religious communism based on Christianity Communalism (Bookchin), a theory of government in which autonomous communities form confederations Communalism (historiography), a historical method that follows the development of communities Communalism, violence across ethnic or communal boundaries The type of property ownership pursued in some planned, socially-cohesive, residential communities. Medieval communalism, a system of mutual allegiance and defense between cities in the European Middle Ages Municipalism, governance by a region's local administrative division Democratic confederalism, otherwise known as Kurdish communalism