Jundiaí–Rio Claro , one of the most important of the Paulista Company The
railway was idealized, in 1864, by a group of
farmers,
traders and
capitalists who needed a means of draining the
coffee grown in the interior of the state of São Paulo. They intended that
São Paulo Railway, "Ingleza" or "Santos–Jundiaí", would take their
rails to São João do Rio Claro (current
Rio Claro), since it held the concession for this purpose. The decision to found the company came after the São Paulo Railway declared that it would not be possible to extend the railway further, not even to the city of
Campinas, due to the losses with the
Paraguayan War. The tracks of the São Paulo Railway only reached Jundiaí. In this
city began to build the railways of the company towards the interior of São Paulo. The
president of the province of São Paulo at the time, Saldanha Marinho, had a fundamental role in the founding of the company in 1868, bringing together in the same ideal the capitalists and farmers who were fighting for political interests at that time. Companhia Paulista was then founded on 30 January 1868, under the presidency of Clemente Falcão de Sousa Filho, but construction work on the line began more than a year after that date, after the approval of the statutes of Companhia Paulista by
Imperial Government. On 11 August 1872, with a
gauge of , the first section was opened, between Jundiaí and Campinas.
Rio Claro–São Carlos of the inauguration of the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro in 1872 and of the traditional
Ponte Preta football club in 1900. Its tracks advanced inland, reaching Rio Claro in 1875 and
Descalvado in 1876. However, its growth was put in check when Paulista did not accept to bend to political interests that required the extension of
São Carlos to pass through the
Morro Pellado (current
Itirapina) to attend the influential
farmers, based in neighboring Itaqueri da Serra and also in the so-called "Itaqueri de Baixo". Likewise, due to political criteria, in the management of Laurindo Abelardo de Brito as president of the province of São Paulo, Paulista was prevented from extending its lines to
Ribeirão Preto, which ended up in Descalvado. This extension was granted to the Companhia Mogiana, in an evident "breach" of its original layout. Then, the Companhia Rio Claro was founded, which took the extension concession to
São Carlos and
Araraquara, with an extension to
Jaú and
Bauru departing from
Itirapina. by the engineer Antonio Francisco de Paula Souza. Some years later, it was proposed by the Companhia Rio Claro that belonged to the Count of Pinhal and to the Major Benedito Antonio da Silva, the merger of Rio Claro and Paulista, however, the proposed bases for such a transaction were not accepted by Paulista, through its then-president Fidêncio Nepomuceno Prates, despite the recommendation of members of its technical staff who inspected the facilities of Companhia Rio Claro, for the merger to take place. Soon after, Companhia Rio Claro was sold to "The Rio Claro São Paulo Railway Company", headquartered in
London, which provided the line with several improvements and extensions. , one of the most important of the Companhia Paulista. Due to rumors of a possible merger of "The Rio Claro" with Mogiana, the board of directors of Paulista, through its president Antônio da Silva Prado authorized the purchase of "The Rio Claro" in the year of 1892, for the sum of 2,775,000
pounds, with a
loan of £2,750,000 obtained in
London and £25,000 at the time of purchase.
Expansion In 1891, Paulista acquired two small 0.60m gauge railways that approached Rio Claro and Mogiana: Companhia Descalvadense and Companhia Ramal Ferreo de Santa Rita. From there, Paulista was able to extend its inland lines, becoming tributaries of a very rich sector of the state limited between the
Peixe and
Mojiguaçu rivers, also having tributaries such as Companhia Douradense, Noroeste do Brasil, Estrada de Ferro Araraquara, São Paulo-Goiás, Mogiana, Funilense and Ramal Férreo Campineiro. Upon receiving the lines from the Rio Claro Railway on April 1, 1892, Companhia Paulista divided its network into two sections: Paulista, which had 1.6m gauge lines and two small 0.6m gauge lines, and Rio Claro, with all the metre-gauge lines. After that, Paulista developed and much, the infrastructure received from the English, expanding and improving the Stations, such as those in Rio Claro (which was completely rebuilt, with large garages) and São Carlos (which had many expansions and the installation of metallic armor of its wide station) and the stone support of the permanent way, among other items of great importance. The company has always lent support to its tax companies such as the Dourado, São Paulo-Goyaz/Pitangueiras, Jaboticabal, Morro Agudo, and Barra Bonita companies, going so far as to acquire, since the 1930s, shareholdings of those railways. One of them, Pitangueiras, which had previously been integrated by incorporation into São Paulo-Goyáz and later, near bankruptcy, organized under the name of Companhia Ferroviária São Paulo-Goyáz, sold in 1927 to Paulista, its Pitangueiras Section, so that the trunk line could use the layout of the original Pitangueiras, from Passagem to Ibitiuva and from there to Bebedouro, as the most suitable option for extending the 1,6m gauge from Rincão to Barretos and later to the Porto Cemitério (later Colômbia), on the banks of Rio Grande. Believing in the potential of the livestock industry in the north of the state, Paulista organized with third parties the Companhia Frigorífica e Pastoril (CFP), which was later transferred to foreign capital, originated by S.A. Frigorífico Anglo.
Modernization and efficiency Using in-depth studies by the engineer Francisco de Monlevade, Inspector General of the company, the latter began the electrification of the lines in 1920, at the voltage of 3 KVCC, extending the use of
white coal on the line from
Jundiaí to
Campinas (1922) and from there to
Rio Claro (1926). Aware of Monlevade's maxim that "if they did not electrify their lines, they would not distribute any more dividends", he extended this remarkable improvement from Rio Claro to
Rincão (1928) and, in the Jaú branch, from
Itirapina to
Jaú (1941) and from there to
Pederneiras (1947) and
Bauru (1948). The limit of this advance was given between Bauru and Cabrália-Paulista in 1954, the year of the delivery of the widening of the gauge in the line from Bauru to
Marília. It is worth mentioning that studies pointed to the extension of electrification to Tupã, even indicating that the Piracicaba and Descalvado branches would be electrified, reaching the latter, at least, to Pirassununga Station. The extension of electrification to
Garça began but later abandoned, and the other steps were limited to studies. Companhia Paulista was a pioneer in a series of initiatives in the Brazilian railroad field. It was the first railroad to electrify its lines, to use steel cars to transport passengers (and later build them in its workshops), to foster the creation of protected areas to obtain railroad ties and firewood (through it
eucalyptus was introduced in Brazil), as well as other management initiatives previously unheard of in Brazil.
Maintenance Companhia Paulista had the
Jundiaí workshops (dedicated to medium and heavy maintenance of steam, electric, and diesel-electric locomotives) and Rio Claro workshops (directed to the general maintenance of cars and wagons). Throughout its five divisions, it also had locomotive depots (dedicated to light and medium maintenance of steam, electric, and diesel-electric locomotives), among them the ones in Jundiaí, Campinas, Rio Claro, São Carlos (demolished), Rincão and Bebedouro.
First strike in Brazil The union played, however, a role in history long before that, with the first strike in Brazil held in May 1906, after the Labor Day rally at the Polytheama pavilion, which was supported by the weavers of the Fábrica São Bento and the students of the Largo São Francisco Law School, which was harshly repressed.
Decay In 1961, during an economic crisis aggravated by a series of strikes, the company was nationalized. On November 10, 1971, Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro was incorporated into the new state-owned
FEPASA. == Transport ==