Conus ventricosus

The size of the shell varies between 13 mm and 63 mm. The shell is yellowish brown, pink-brown or olivaceous. It is sometimes chocolate-brown, very closely nebulously spotted and reticulated. And sometimes it is interrupted-lined with chestnut, with a narrow, light band below the middle. The spire is elevated, rudely gradate and maculated. The interior of the aperture is light chocolate, with a light band. The peptide Contryphan-Vn was extracted from the venom of this marine snail. It is part of a complex mixture of poisonous compounds secreted by this cone snailand used in worm hunting. ==Distribution==

This marine species has a wide distribution found in shallow waters ranging in the Mediterranean Sea. It was also found as a fossil from the Pliocene and the Miocene. ==List of synonyms==

• Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus Gmelin, 1791 · accepted, alternate representation • Conus adansonii Lamarck, 1810 • Conus adriaticus Nardo, 1847 • Conus amazonicus Nardo, 1847 • Conus caillaudi Jay, 1846 • Conus chersoideus Nardo, 1847 • Conus cinctus Bosc, 1801 • Conus clodianus Nardo, 1847 • Conus cretheus Nardo, 1847 • Conus epaphus Nardo, 1847 • Conus epaticus Renier, 1804 (unavailable name: published in a work placed on the Official Index of Invalid and Rejected Specific Names in Zoology by ICZN Opinion 316) • Conus errosus Renier, 1804 (unavailable name: published in a work placed on the Official Index of Invalid and Rejected Specific Names in Zoology by ICZN Opinion 316) • Conus fortis Renier, 1804 (unavailable name: published in a work placed on the Official Index of Invalid and Rejected Specific Names in Zoology by ICZN Opinion 316) • Conus franciscanus Bruguière, 1792 • Conus galloprovincialis Locard, 1886 • Conus galloprovincialis var. lineolata Locard & Caziot, 1900 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus lineolatus Valenciennes, 1832) • Conus galloprovincialis var. minor Locard & Caziot, 1900 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus ventricosus var. minor Monterosato, 1878) • Conus galloprovincialis var. producta Coen, 1933 • Conus galloprovincialis var. turrita Coen, 1933 • Conus glaucescens G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 • Conus grossii Maravigna, 1853 (synonym) • Conus guestieri Lorois, 1860 • Conus hanleyi G. B. Sowerby II, 1857 Conus hanley AZRC 547-34a Conus hanley AZRC 548-34b • Conus herillus Nardo, 1847 • Conus humilis von Salis Marschlins, 1793 • Conus ignobilis Olivi, 1792 (synonym) • Conus ignobilis var. rufa Scacchi, 1836 • Conus inaequalis Reeve, 1849 • Conus intermedius Lamarck, 1810 - fossil • Conus istriensis Nardo, 1847 • Conus jamaicensis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 • Conus jaspis Salis Marschlins, 1793 (synonym) • Conus listeri Renier, 1804 (unavailable name: published in a work placed on the Official Index of Invalid and Rejected Specific Names in Zoology by ICZN Opinion 316) • Conus madurensis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 • Conus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 • Conus mediterraneus f. gaudiosus Nicolay, 1978 (unavailable name: established as a "form" after 1960) • Conus mediterraneus var. acuta Requien, 1848 • Conus mediterraneus var. alalmus de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus mediterraneus var. alba Coen, 1933 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus virgo alba Spalowsky, 1795) • Conus mediterraneus var. albina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. alticonica Pallary, 1904 (synonym) • Conus mediterraneus var. amigus de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus mediterraneus var. arenaria Monterosato, 1917 • Conus mediterraneus var. ater Philippi, 1836 • Conus mediterraneus var. atra Philippi, 1844 • Conus mediterraneus var. caerulescens Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 • Conus mediterraneus var. carinata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus carinatus Swainson, 1822) • Conus mediterraneus var. castanea Coen, 1933 • Conus mediterraneus var. debilis Monterosato, 1917 • Conus mediterraneus var. elongata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1885 • Conus mediterraneus var. emisus de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus mediterraneus var. fasciata Requien, 1848 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus fasciatus Schröter, 1803, and several others) • Conus mediterraneus var. flammulata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. flavescens Coen, 1933 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus flavescens G.B. Sowerby I, 1834) • Conus mediterraneus var. fusca Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. interrupta Coen, 1933 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus interruptus Wood, 1828) • Conus mediterraneus var. lutea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus luteus G.B. Sowerby I, 1833) • Conus mediterraneus var. major Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. marmoratus Philippi, 1836 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus marmoratus Holten, 1802) • Conus mediterraneus var. minor Monterosato, 1878 • Conus mediterraneus var. oblonga Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. obtusa Requien, 1848 • Conus mediterraneus var. pallida Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. persistens Kobelt, 1906 • Conus mediterraneus var. pretunculus Monterosato, 1917 • Conus mediterraneus var. rubens Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 • Conus mediterraneus var. rufatra de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus mediterraneus var. scalare Dautzenberg, 1911 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus scalaris Valenciennes, 1832) • Conus mediterraneus var. scalaris Pallary, 1912 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus scalaris Valenciennes, 1832) • Conus mediterraneus var. subconcolor Requien, 1848 • Conus mediterraneus var. subviridis de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus olivaceus Salis Marschlins, 1793 (synonym) • Conus olivaceus Kiener, 1850 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus olivaceus Salis, 1793) • Conus pallans Nardo, 1847 • Conus phegeus Nardo, 1847 • Conus postdiluvianus Risso, 1826 • Conus rusticus Poli, 1826 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus rusticus Linnaeus, 1758) • Conus siculus Delle Chiaje, 1828 • Conus stercutius Nardo, 1847 • Conus submediterraneus Locard, 1886 • Conus thuscus Nardo, 1847 • Conus trunculus Monterosato, 1899 • Conus vayssierei var. ossea Monterosato, 1917 • Conus ventricosus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 • Conus ventricosus var. elpus de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus ventricosus var. empismus de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus ventricosus var. pereirae de Gregorio, 1885 • Conus zealandicus Hutton, 1873 • Cucullus annulas Noodt, 1819 • Cucullus glaucus Röding, 1798 • Lautoconus mediterraneus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) • Lautoconus mediterraneus var. noeformis Monterosato, 1923 • Lautoconus ventricosus (Gmelin, 1791) ==References==