Convulsion

A person having a convulsion may experience several different symptoms, Convulsions in children are not necessarily benign, and may lead to brain damage if prolonged. Symptoms may include: • Lack of awareness • Loss of consciousness • Eyes rolling back • Changes to breathing • Stiffening of the arms, legs, or whole body • Jerky movements of the arms, legs, body, or head • Lack of control over movements • Inability to respond ==Causes==

Most convulsions are the result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Convulsions can be caused by specific chemicals in the blood, as well as infections like meningitis or encephalitis. Other possibilities include celiac disease, head trauma, stroke, or lack of oxygen to the brain. Sometimes the convulsion can be caused by genetic defects or brain tumors. It is a noncontagious illness and is usually associated with sudden attacks of seizures, which are an immediate and initial anomaly in the electrical activity of the brain that disrupts part or all of the body. Epileptic seizures can have contrary clinical features. Various kinds of epileptic seizures affect 60 million people worldwide. Generalized seizures have been broadly classified into two categories: motor and non-motor. GTCSs can happen in people of all ages. SUDEP is a sudden, unexpected, nontraumatic death in patients with epilepsy. Febrile seizures fall into two categories: simple and complex. A simple febrile seizure is generalized, occurs singularly, and lasts less than 15 minutes. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are described as neurobehavioral conditions or "psychogenic illnesses" which occur not due to the electrical disturbances in a person's brain but due to mental and emotional stress. According to the 5th Edison of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5), PNES is classified as a "conversion disorder" or Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder characterized by alterations in behavior, motor activity, consciousness, and sensation. A few neuroimaging (functional and structural) studies suggest that PNES may replicate sensorimotor alterations, emotional regulation, cognitive control, and integration of neural circuits. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia There is a linkage between infantile convulsion and paroxysmal dyskinesia. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is characterized by sudden involuntary movement caused by sudden stress or excitement. The relationship between convulsion and PKD is mainly due to the common mechanism of pathophysiology. == Notes ==