While detailed hands-on practice of court administration differs in each of country by its own tradition and constitution, general models of court administration can be classified according to who leads core parts of it among
branches of government, such as
executive or
judiciary.
Executive model Executive model entails core parts of court administration, such as
annual budgeting and appointment of judges, to responsible minister (mostly
justice,
treasury or
interior minister) in
cabinet inside
executive branch of the government. Yet day-to-day parts of court administration, such as case assignment and appointment of
court clerks, are usually delegated to chief judge of each court. Example of this model is
Federal Courts of Germany, where
Federal Ministry of Justice and
Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs takes authority for court administration.
Judicial / autonomous model Judicial model, or autonomous model empowers
judiciary itself to handle court administration. Example of this model is
Federal judiciary of the United States, where
Judicial Conference constituted by chief judge of each federal courts makes policy decision, and
Administrative Office composed by the
Chief Justice executes it.
Partnership / commission model Partnership model or commission model makes both
executive and
judiciary mutually responsible for court administration, by creating joint independent commission. This commissions are usually called as '
council of the judiciary'. This model is popular in European countries, yet detailed mission of each 'council of the judiciary' varies. For example, 'French council of the judiciary ()' on
French judiciary courts is only responsible for
human resource management but not for
annual budgeting. == See also ==