Culpa in contrahendo is a Latin expression meaning "fault in conclusion of a contract". It is an important concept in contract law for many civil law countries, which recognize a clear duty to negotiate with care, and not to lead a negotiating partner to act to his detriment before a firm contract is concluded. It was coined in the 1861 by Rudolf von Jhering. In German contract law, § 311 II BGB lists a number of steps by which an obligation to pay damages may be created.