Cunningham was formed in 1994 as
Glencairn, Ltd. It was headed by Edwin Edwards, a former Sinclair executive who had been general manager of one of Sinclair's original stations, WPTT-TV (channel 22,
WPNT) in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sinclair sold WPTT to Edwards after Sinclair bought rival
WPGH-TV (channel 53), but continued to operate the station under a local marketing agreement before buying the station back outright in 2000. The initial capital was supplied by Carolyn Smith, wife of Sinclair founder Julian Smith and mother of current Sinclair CEO David Smith. Carolyn Smith also controlled 70% of Glencairn's stock. However, Glencairn held itself out as a minority-owned broadcaster (Edwards is African American), gaining instant favor with the Federal Communications Commission. Glencairn's initial purchase set the stage for its future dealings. In late 1993 or early 1994, Sinclair Broadcast Group merged with Abry Communications, which owned
WNUV (channel 54) in
Baltimore. WNUV had been the principal rival to Sinclair's flagship station,
WBFF (channel 45). Sinclair could not keep both stations because FCC rules at the time did not allow common ownership of two television stations in a single
market. Accordingly, Glencairn bought WNUV from Sinclair, and the latter took over WNUV's operations under an LMA. However, due to the Smiths' controlling interest in Glencairn, Sinclair effectively had a
duopoly in Baltimore – and had all but emasculated its principal rival. Glencairn eventually bought ten more stations, and Sinclair controlled all their operations via local marketing agreements. Due to Glencairn's financial structure (the Smiths eventually bought 97% of Glencairn's stock), Sinclair effectively had duopolies in all 11 markets in violation of the FCC media ownership rules at the time. Among the more notable purchases: • As part of the Abry merger, Sinclair also acquired WNRW-TV (channel 45, now
WXLV-TV) in
Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It simulcast its programming on separately-owned WGGT-TV (channel 48) in
Greensboro. Glencairn bought WGGT from its previous owner Act III Broadcasting, discontinued the simulcast and turned WGGT into an affiliate of the fledgling
United Paramount Network as WUPN-TV (now MyNetworkTV affiliate
WMYV). • In 1995, Glencairn bought
WRDC-TV (channel 28) in
Raleigh, North Carolina and turned over control of its operations to Sinclair via an LMA. Sinclair already owned
WLFL (channel 22) in that market. In effect, Sinclair now had duopolies in two of North Carolina's largest markets. • In 1996, Sinclair merged with
River City Broadcasting, which owned
ABC affiliate
WSYX (channel 6) in
Columbus, Ohio. This initially posed a problem for Sinclair, as it already owned that market's Fox affiliate,
WTTE (channel 28). Sinclair decided to keep the higher-rated WSYX and sold WTTE to Glencairn. Sinclair continued to operate WTTE through an LMA. River City also owned
WLOS (channel 13) in
Asheville, North Carolina and satellite station WAXA-TV (channel 40) in
Anderson, South Carolina. Sinclair sold WAXA to Glencairn, who ended the simulcast and turned WAXA into an
independent station, later changing its call letters to WFBC-TV and later
WBSC-TV. • In 1997, Sinclair purchased the broadcasting properties of
Heritage Media, which included ABC affiliate
WCHS-TV (channel 8) in
Charleston, West Virginia. Sinclair already owned the market's Fox affiliate
WVAH-TV (channel 11), but opted to keep the longer-established WCHS and sold WVAH to Glencairn. Also that year, Glencairn bought KRRT (channel 35, now
KMYS) in
San Antonio, Texas, which already had an existing LMA with
KABB (channel 29, which Sinclair had acquired the previous year as part of its purchase of River City). • In 1998, Sinclair and Glencairn teamed up to buy five stations from Sullivan Broadcasting. Glencairn simply bought the licenses while Sinclair bought the stations' other assets. Sinclair then leased the non-license assets back to Glencairn.
The 1999–2001 dispute In 1999, the FCC finally relaxed its ownership rules and allowed one company to own two stations in the same market starting in 2001. Ironically, this development brought the Sinclair-Glencairn arrangement to light for the first time. At the time, Glencairn was getting ready to buy Sullivan-owned
KOKH-TV (channel 25) in
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, where Sinclair already owned
KOCB (channel 34). When the FCC relaxed its rules, Sinclair simply replaced Glencairn as the buyer for KOKH. Glencairn then announced plans to sell five of its stations to Sinclair outright. The move led
Jesse Jackson and others to file challenges to the proposed transactions. In the course of subsequent hearings, it emerged that Edwards did not know how much debt Glencairn would assume when the deals were finalized. This led FCC Commissioner
Michael Copps to question the deal's integrity, as well as Glencairn's decision-making process. It later emerged that Glencairn was to be paid for the proposed purchases with Sinclair stock and that the Smiths controlled almost all of Glencairn's stock. Eventually, the FCC placed a $40,000 fine against Sinclair for illegally controlling Glencairn. However, it took no further action, leading Copps to blast the decision as a backhanded endorsement of Sinclair's tactics.
Glencairn becomes Cunningham In 2001, Glencairn attempted to merge with Sinclair outright. However, the FCC rejected the deal because six of Glencairn's stations – WNUV, WVAH, WTTE, WBSC,
WRGT-TV (channel 45) in
Dayton, Ohio and
WTAT-TV (channel 24) in
Charleston, South Carolina – were located in markets where Sinclair could not legally have duopolies. The reasons stated: • WNUV: Baltimore has only seven full-power television stations. The FCC requires a market to have eight unique station owners once a duopoly is formed, not counting
low-power stations. • WTTE: Sinclair-owned WSYX is the third-rated station in Columbus while WTTE is the fourth-rated station. FCC rules do not allow common ownership of two of the four highest-rated stations in a single market. In addition, Columbus has only seven full-power stations – too few to allow a duopoly in any case. • WBSC: The FCC already permitted
Media General, owner of
WSPA-TV (channel 7), to buy LMA partner WASV (channel 62, now
WYCW) in 2002, and a Sinclair purchase of WBSC (now
WMYA-TV) would leave only seven unique owners in the
Greenville-
Spartanburg-Asheville market. • WVAH: Sinclair-owned WCHS was the second highest-rated station in the
Huntington-Charleston market, while WVAH was fourth at the time. • WRGT: Dayton has only seven full-power television stations – too few to allow any duopolies. In addition, Sinclair already owned
WKEF (channel 22), the third highest-rated station, while WRGT is the fourth highest-rated. • WTAT: Charleston has only six full-power stations – too few to allow any duopolies. WTAT was nominally a junior partner in an LMA with
WMMP (channel 36), which Sinclair had acquired in a group deal in July 1998. In 2020, this was resolved when Cunningham began to operate WTAT directly, ending relations with WCIV outside of a news share agreement. Sinclair, however, was able to buy five of Glencairn's stations, and Glencairn subsequently changed its name to
Cunningham Broadcasting, named after the widow of Sinclair's founder, Carolyn Cunningham Smith. However, nearly all of Cunningham's stock is owned by the estate of Carolyn C. Smith, which controls the trusts of her and
Julian Sinclair Smith's four sons (one of whom is the chairman of the board of Sinclair and previously its CEO), and so Sinclair still effectively owns Cunningham. This situation led Sinclair Media Watch, a grassroots organization based in Asheville, to file informal objections when WLOS and WBSC's licenses came up for renewal in 2004. However, the FCC has taken no further action against Sinclair or Cunningham. == Current stations ==