Cypovirus

Viruses in the genus Cypovirus are nonenveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=2 symmetry. Cypoviruses have only a single capsid shell, which is similar to the orthoreovirus inner core. They exhibit striking capsid stability, which is fully capable of endogenous RNA transcription and processing. The capsid diameter is around 65 nm. == Genome ==

Genomes are linear and segmented. The genome codes for 10 to 12 proteins. == Lifecycle ==

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by ribosomal skipping. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite nontubule guided viral movement, and exists in occlusion bodies after cell death and remains infectious until finding another host. Insects serve as their natural hosts. Transmission routes are fecal-oral, parental, and egg transmission. Infection occurs when a susceptible insect consumes viral polyhedra, usually as a contaminant on the insect’s food (in most cases, foliage of a plant). These dissolve in its digestive tract, releasing the virus particles that penetrate the gut epithelial cells. Replication of the virus is often confined to these cells and the progeny virus, in the form of new polyhedra are excreted in the insect feces, thus contaminating more foliage resulting in the spread of the disease to additional insects. The progression of the disease can be rather slow, but the virus infection is normally fatal. == Species ==

The genus contains the following species: • Cypovirus aglaidis • Cypovirus agrotidis • Cypovirus altineae • Cypovirus antheraeae • Cypovirus aplocerae • Cypovirus aprophylae • Cypovirus autographae • Cypovirus betineae • Cypovirus choristoneurae • Cypovirus gatineae • Cypovirus heliothidis • Cypovirus inachidis • Cypovirus lymantriae • Cypovirus mamestrae • Cypovirus polistis • Cypovirus trichoplusiae == See also ==