D with stroke

In the lowercase, the crossbar is usually drawn through the ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl, in which case it is known as a barred d. In some African languages' orthographies, such as that of Moro, the barred d is preferred. In the uppercase, the crossbar normally crosses just the left stem, but in Vietnamese and Moro it may sometimes cross the entire letter. The DE ligature should not be confused with the Đ. That ligature was used stylistically in pre-19th century Spanish as a contraction for , as a D with an E superimposed. For example, DE . == Uses by language ==

African languages A lowercase appeared alongside a lowercase retroflex D in a 1982 revision of the African reference alphabet. This revision of the alphabet eliminated uppercase forms, so there was no conflict between and . Kven The letter , which is not used in standard Finnish, became used in Kven language texts in the early 2020s, with its users as of March 2025 including the Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection ( ), NRK (e.g. '), and Kainun Institutti (e.g. '). Latin was used in Medieval Latin to mark abbreviations of words containing the letter d. For example, could stand for "of the heirs". Similar crossbars were added to other letters to form abbreviations. South Slavic languages is used to write the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate, , similar to the in "jam". Daničić modeled the letter after the Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon letter eth, albeit representing a different sound. In 1892 it was officially introduced in Croatian and Slavonian schools (in the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia where the Croatian language was official) and so definitively added to Gaj’s Latin alphabet. An unadorned in Vietnamese represents either (Hanoian) or (Saigonese). is the seventh letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, after and before . Traditionally, digraphs and trigraphs like and were considered letters as well, making the eighth letter. is a letter in its own right, rather than a ligature or letter-diacritic combination; therefore, đá would come after dù in any alphabetical listing. The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th-century text , attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, possibly Francisco de Pina or Filipe Sibin. This passage about the letter Đ was later incorporated into Alexandre de Rhodes' seminal : On older typewriters, was located where would be in the French AZERTY layout. Alternatively, a hyphen can be overstruck onto a D. On computers without support for a Vietnamese character set or Unicode, is encoded as DD and as dd according to the Vietnamese Quoted-Readable standard. Vietnamese computer users typically input as in the Telex and VIQR input methods or as in the VNI input method. In the absence of an input method, the TCVN 6064:1995 and Microsoft Windows Vietnamese keyboard layouts map ZA0-09 ( on a U.S. keyboard) to , or when holding down . The Windows layout also maps ZA0-11 () to ₫. Other modes of communication also have dedicated representations of . In Vietnamese Braille, it is , which corresponds to in French Braille. In the Vietnamese manual alphabet, is produced by touching the thumb to the index finger. In Morse code, it is rendered – · · – · ·, corresponding to Telex's "DD". Spanish The Spanish language used as a ligature of the word (). It is rarely typed, but it was commonly used on signs and in handwritten text, especially in Old Spanish. == Other uses ==

Phonetic transcription The lowercase đ is used in some phonetic transcription schemes to represent a voiced dental fricative (English th in this). Eth (ð) is more commonly used for this purpose, but the crossed d has the advantage of being able to be typed on a standard typewriter, by overlaying a hyphen over a d. Currency symbols A minuscule form of the letter, đ, is the symbol of the đồng, the currency of Vietnam, by a 1953 decree by Hồ Chí Minh. The South Vietnamese đồng, on the other hand, was symbolized "Đ.", in majuscule. In Unicode, the Vietnamese đồng symbol is properly represented by , but is often used instead. In Vietnamese, the đồng sign is written after the amount in superscript, often underlined. The uppercase form, Ð, is used as the currency symbol for the cryptocurrency Dogecoin. Chemistry Dispersity is represented by the symbol Đ, and is a measure of the heterogeneity of sizes of molecules or particles in a mixture, referring to either molecular mass or degree of polymerization. Disambiguation In Japanese handwriting, the letter D may be written as to clearly distinguish it from the letter O or the digit 0. This is similar to writing Z or 7 with a bar to distinguish them from 2 and 1 respectively. == Computer encoding ==

In Unicode, both crossed d and barred d are considered glyph variants of U+0111. Unicode has a distinct code point for the visually very similar capital eth, Ð, U+00D0, which can lead to confusion. As part of WGL4, Đ and đ can be expected to display correctly even on older Windows systems. == See also ==