On December 20, 1983,
Pope John Paul II appointed Kucera as the eighth archbishop of Dubuque. Kucera set about reorganizing the archdiocese. This was accomplished by reorganizing or creating archdiocesan boards, and established the first archbishop's cabinet to coordinate the running of the archdiocese. Kucera divided the archdiocese into three regions (Dubuque, Cedar Rapids and Waterloo) with an bishop running each region. He reduced the number of deaneries from 16 to 14. Kucera appointed a woman religious chancellor, and two lay people were named to archdiocesan offices. He also had revised guidelines for the
Sacrament of Confirmation published in 1986. In November 1986, Kucera proclaimed the 150th anniversary of the founding of the archdiocese. The archdiocese held celebrations throughout 1987, including a large scale liturgy at the Five Flags Center, celebrated by Archbishop
Pio Laghi. Kucera also approved a controversial renovation of
St. Raphael's Cathedral. In 1994, Kucera requested the appointment of a
coadjutor archbishop by the pope to assist him in administering the archdiocese. John Paul II in early 1995 named Bishop
Jerome Hanus as coadjutor archbishop of Dubuque. On October 16, 1995, John Paul II accepted Kucera's resignation, naming him archbishop emeritus. ==Later life and death==