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Daniel P. Mannix

Daniel Pratt Mannix IV was an American writer, journalist, photographer, sideshow performer, stage magician, animal trainer, and filmmaker. One of his two best-known works is the 1958 book Those About to Die, which was inspiration for the Ridley Scott film Gladiator in 2000 and the TV drama Those About to Die on Peacock. The other is the 1967 novel The Fox and the Hound, which was loosely adapted into an animated feature film by Walt Disney Productions in 1981.

Early life
The Mannix family had a long history of service in the U.S. Navy, and Mannix' father, Daniel P. Mannix, III, was an American naval officer.{{cite journal His mother would often join her husband on his postings, and the Mannix children would stay at their grandparents' farm outside Philadelphia. The young Mannix was an avid reader of books in his grandparents' library. He commented that "On rainy days, I sat in the library and read. During their 200-year residence in Pennsylvania, my family had built up a library containing at least one volume devoted to any conceivable subject".{{cite book Following family tradition, Mannix had enrolled in the U.S. Naval Academy in 1930, but he could not adjust to the rigorous training. Finally, the commandant wrote a letter to his father saying that "he is definitely not officer material" and he left the academy. In recounting this experience, Mannix wrote that after leaving, he was so worn down that spent the next two months in bed. However, the following year he was accepted by the University of Pennsylvania where he earned a degree in journalism which he took up after failing zoology.{{cite book Mannix married Jule Junker in 1939{{Cite news |date=1939-12-17 Their family was listed in the Philadelphia Social Register. A writer and friend of the family wrote: "Families like the Mannix family are also referred to as being from 'old money', although if economic circumstances changed, they might become known as 'fallen aristocracy'".{{cite web |date=2015-02-21 ==Career==
Career
Mannix served as a naval lieutenant with the Photo-Science Laboratory in Washington, D.C. during World War II, proved popular and were later expanded into book form in his 1951 account of carnival life, Step Right Up, which in turn was reprinted in 1964 as Memoirs of a Sword Swallower. A reviewer commented, "The short, photographed in Mexico, shows the huge bird landing gracefully on the arm of good-looking Jewel [sic] Mannix in some of the most beautiful real-life filming on record". In a related undertaking, he wrote the screen play for an Oscar nominated short film, The Boy and the Eagle, (1949) starring and narrated by Dicky Moore about a crippled boy and a wounded eagle that he nursed back to health. The eagle later saves the boy from a rattlesnake and in the excitement, the boy discovers he can walk. While the film has a story arc, its main focus is on the training of the eagle, so much so that it takes on the aspect of a training film on falconry. The film was directed and produced by a friend and fellow falconer, William R. Lasky, son of Jesse L. Lasky, founder of Paramount Studios. He used Mannix's eagle to play that part. The couple also filmed hunting coyotes with their cheetah in the American West, fishermen harpooning manta rays in Mexico, and big game in Kenya. The last of these was filmed with J.A. Hunter and includes a scene of a rhinoceros charging their vehicle, only to turn away when Hunter and a guide shouted and waved their arms. His picture of a wounded manta ray leaping from the water was published in Life magazine. The films were used in lecture tours around the United States. Mannix published an account of the incident, which included pictures of Wiley with the cobra that bit her, several months later in True, The Man's Magazine. Mannix provided a wealth of detail in Those About To Die; for example, in his account of chariot racing he described "the training of the drivers, the betting techniques, the harnessing of the horses" as well as the racing stud farms. Initially the games were rather tame, featuring acrobats, wire walkers, trained animals and perhaps a sham battle. They evolved over time to include actual battles between armies and even a naval battle fought on an artificial lake that required thousands of men 11 years to build. These spectacles became a narcotic for the audience who became a howling, cruel and lustful mob. The popularity of top gladiators and charioteers was like that of today's top celebrities, only more so." Concerning Wilkes, Arthur H. Cash, author of his Pulitzer Prize finalist biography, stated that he was a strong advocate for the Colonies, as well as civil liberty, and did not question his motives. He also noted that the Commons House of South Carolina did attempt (although blocked by the governor) to send money to pay Wilkes debts, but these were incurred primarily as a result of his impulsive borrowing. Another historian described it as "one of the canonical histories on the slave trade". Another feature of Mannix's animal books is that, while humans crave a sense of meaning in life, Mannix's animals have no such concept. In the clash between a gamecock and coopers hawk in The Killers neither is morally superior. This leads to greater uncertainty about the outcome, and perhaps greater suspense, since in typical story telling, the good guy usually wins. As illustrated on the back dust cover, Mannix kept a coyote to prepare for his descriptions of coyote behavior. The front dust cover illustration by David K. Stone (also the illustrator for Drifter), shows Billy and the coyote running across a backdrop image of the mysterious looking boucher. On the other hand, another reviewer called it flawed but fast moving and enjoyable Peter Ryhiner's autobiography, The Wildest Game, also featured wilderness adventure, but Ryhiner's goal was to capture iconic animals from all around the world for captivity, not to kill them. Unlike Hunter, Ryhiner was a flamboyant character, and the book plays up his relationship with a girl named Mercia, who becomes his wife. (She proposed to him.) She is featured in many of the photographs included in the book. Another photograph shows Ryhiner in a tuxedo with a valuable white python, (which he captured in Siam) around his neck. and The Saturday Evening Post (in the book, Black Cargoes: A History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1518–1865, 1962). Interest in L. Frank Baum and the Land of Oz Mannix participated in the organization of the Munchkin Conventions of the International Wizard of Oz Club with Ray Powell since their inception in 1967 Mannix, himself a magician, took particular interest in a scene in Act III, in which Tin Woodman rescues the Scarecrow from a cage by disassembling him and passing the parts to Dorothy. Then they reassembled him and "as each piece is fitted into place, it becomes more and more animated until the Scarecrow is himself again". He explained that "This illusion is known among magicians as the Black Art effect". He then went on to describe exactly how it was done. Mannix's 1975 novel The Secret of the Elms (noted above) contains an inside "Oz" joke. It is dedicated to Edith Van Dyne, who most readers would not know was a pseudonym for L. Frank Baum. His 1906 book, ''Aunt Jane's Nieces'', illustrated by Emile A. Nelson, describes the adventures three young women who are invited to their dying aunt's then home so she can determine which one to leave her estate to. Mannix's book has the same premise (although in his book it is their grandmother), along with frequent references to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. There are many parallels in the plot lines. In the end, for example, (as noted in a plot summary) none of the girls inherits Aunt Jane's estate. It goes instead to a neglected boy who has been living there. Furthermore, it turns out that their kindly uncle, not the aunt, is the one with the money and he becomes the benefactor (at least to one of the girls). At the end of Mannix's book the protagonist has an earnest discussion with her benefactor (in his book, the grandfather) in the estate graveyard. After first asking if she can be buried there, she asks "And then will I go to the land of Oz and see Dorothy and the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman and the Cowardly Lion?" He responds, "Of course you will. But I rather think I'll see them all before you will, dear". According to the dedication, Mannix's Munchkin collaborators, Ray and Louise Powell, suggested the idea for the book.{{cite book ==Awards==
Awards
Dutton Animal Book Award for The Fox and the Hound, 1967 • American Academy of Arts and Letters – Literature, 1973 Other awards include: the African Safari Club of Philadelphia's gold medal, and the Wilderness Club Award. ==Literary and other influences==
Literary and other influences
Step Right Up Mannix's book Step Right Up (later called Memoirs of a Sword Swallower) was inspiration for Penn Jillette, magician and television presenter, to take up fire eating. His description of how he got started, which appeared in Smithsonian Magazine, includes a long quotation from the book which includes the line, "I was 19 years old, and like many men that age, I felt invincible. I wasn't, and you aren't. Remember that. Do not eat fire!" by David Franzoni was inspired by Mannix's 1958 book Those About to Die. The book was then republished in 2001 as the Way of the Gladiator. In an interview Franzoni stated that "When I read the book, it's not the story of Gladiator, but what was in the book was an understanding of how to connect who and how we were to who and how they were. There was a very clear understanding that the coliseums were a sports franchise". It was praised by numerous reviewers and The Belstone Fox (1973), directed by James Hill. The ending of Rook's novel is also similar to the Disney film as the fox and hound become reconciled and save (or attempt to save, depending on the book version) the hunter's life. The Wolves of Paris A reviewer for the Hartford Courant commented "Informative and entertaining, and a little bit gruesome, The Wolves of Paris [Mannix's 1978 novel] is nature writing at its best, Mannix at his best". The main character is known as Courtaud (Short Tail), a wolf-dog cross who leads a pack of man-eating wolves that terrorized Paris during the Hundred Years' War. The pack's man-eating behavior was a consequence of man's own depravations. "Even back then, man's wholesale slaughter of game could force wolves to seek out domestic livestock; and the bands of warriors that scourged France left behind them as lupine comestibles the carcasses of war horses and men." An intense effort to kill Courtaud follows. One of her illustrations depicts the capture of Courtaud by an "African hunting leopard" [a cheetah], reminiscent of Mannix's hunting of coyotes with his cheetah. For a subsequent chapter (after Courtaud's escape) Wurts depicted another wolf being attacked by a trained golden eagle, also reminiscent of Mannix's experience. (The eagle had veered off Courtaud at the last instant). No Job for a Lady In her autobiography, No Job for a Lady ("as told to Daniel P. Mannix"), Dr. Phyllis Lose commented derogatorily about some racehorse owners who were often more concerned with money than the wellbeing of their horses. "One of the tragedies of working with Thoroughbredsand to anyone fond of horses it is a real tragedyis that they are often so valuable that monetary considerations wipe out all other factors ... Under these circumstances there is no real affection between master and mount; it is all a grim business of profit." Her book was reprinted in the 1980 (#5) volume of Reader's Digest Condensed Books, which were widely read at the time. Given that wide audience, perhaps it raised awareness of the issue. Nevertheless, maltreatment of racehorses has continued to be a concern until recent times.{{Cite news == Personal life ==
Personal life
Mannix and his wife and sometime co-author Jule Junker Mannix travelled around the world and raised exotic animals. Jule Mannix wrote the book Married to Adventure in 1954 as an autobiographical account of her adventurous life with Mannix. The couple had a son, Daniel Pratt Mannix V (1947–2022), and a daughter, Julie Mannix (c.1945) von Zerneck (who married Frank von Zerneck). From 1950 onward, Daniel and Jule Mannix lived in the same house in East Whiteland, near Malvern, Pennsylvania. Jule Mannix died May 25, 1977. Mannix died on January 29, 1997, at the age of 85, and was survived by his son and daughter, and four grandchildren (including Danielle von Zerneck and Kathy Hatfield). Mannix's son, Daniel Prat Mannix V, Esq., learned magic, sword swallowing, and fire eating from his father and like him traveled with a circus. As a lawyer he worked to establish conservation easements. == Bibliography ==
Filmography
Eagle Versus Dragon, Universal Studios, 1944 (two reel featurette) (Jule and Daniel Mannix, main subjects and narrators) • Boy and the Eagle, RKO Pictures, 1949 (short) (original story, screen play) • King of the Sky, Universal Studios, 1953 (documentary short – clipped from Eagle Versus Dragon) (writer, actor, director, producer, bird trainer){{Cite web • Universal Color Parade: Parrot Jungle, Universal Studios, 1958 (short) (writer, director, producer, photographer, bird trainer) • Killers of Kilimanjaro, British: Warwick Films 1959 (book African Bush Adventures) • The Fox and the Hound, Walt Disney Productions, 1981 (book The Fox and the Hound) ==References==
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