Davey Graham

Early life Graham was born in Market Bosworth, Leicestershire, England, to a Guyanese mother, Winifred (known as Amanda) and a Scottish father, Hamish, a teacher from the Isle of Skye. "Anji"/"Angi" At the age of 19, Graham wrote what is probably his most famous composition, the acoustic guitar solo "Angi" (sometimes spelled "Anji": see below). Colin Harper credits Graham with single-handedly inventing the concept of the folk guitar instrumental. In 1969, the same name for Chicken Shack's 100 Ton Chicken was used. "Anji" soon became a rite of passage for many acoustic finger-style guitarists. Arlen Roth has recorded "Anji" on two of his albums. Some other musicians of note who have covered "Anji" are John Renbourn, Lillebjørn Nilsen, Gordon Giltrap, Clive Carroll and the anarchist group Chumbawamba, who used the guitar piece as a basis for their anti-war song "Jacob's Ladder (Not in My Name)". "Angi" is the second track on the first CD of the Topic Records 70th anniversary box set Three Score and Ten. Folk fame Graham came to the attention of guitarists through his appearance in a 1959 broadcast of the BBC TV arts series Monitor, produced by Ken Russell and titled Hound Dogs and Bach Addicts: The Guitar Craze, in which he played an acoustic instrumental version of "Cry Me a River". During the 1960s, Graham released a string of albums of music from all around the world in many genres. 1964's Folk, Blues and Beyond and the following year's collaboration with the folk singer Shirley Collins, Folk Roots, New Routes, are frequently cited among his most influential albums. Large as Life and Twice as Natural includes his cover of Joni Mitchell's "Both Sides, Now" alongside explorations of Eastern modes. Graham appears (uncredited) playing guitar in a pub in Joseph Losey's 1963 film The Servant. Retirement Graham married the American singer Holly Gwinn in the late 1960s and recorded the albums The Holly Kaleidosope and Godington Boundary with her in 1970, shortly before Gwinn had to return to the US and he was unable to follow her, because of his visa problem due to a marijuana conviction. During this period, he taught acoustic guitar and also undertook charity work, particularly for various mental health charities. For several years he was on the executive council of Mind and in 2006 featured in the BBC Four documentary Folk Britannia. Many people sought out Graham over the years and tried to encourage him to return to the stage to play live; the last of this long line of seekers was Mark Pavey, who arranged some outings with guitarists and old friends including Bert Jansch, Duck Baker and Martin Carthy, and helped Graham pursue some outstanding royalties. These concerts were typically eclectic, with Graham playing a mix of acoustic blues, Romanian dance tunes, Irish pipe tunes, songs from South Africa and pieces by Bach. Graham was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2008 and died on 15 December of that year, In November 2016, a blue plaque was installed at his birthplace, the former Bosworth Park Infirmary building. ==Influence==

Graham did not seek or achieve great commercial success, though his music received positive critical feedback and influenced folk revival artists and fellow players such as Bert Jansch, John Renbourn, Martin Carthy, Ralph McTell, Dick Gaughan, Wizz Jones, John Martyn, Nick Drake, Ritchie Blackmore, and Paul Simon, as well as folk rock bands such as Fairport Convention and Pentangle. Though Graham is commonly referred to as a folk musician, the diversity of his music shows strong influences from many genres. Elements of blues, jazz, and Middle Eastern music are evident throughout his work. Martin Carthy described Graham as "...an extraordinary, dedicated player, the one everyone followed and watched – I couldn't believe anyone could play like that," while Bert Jansch claimed that he was "courageous and controversial – he never followed the rules." Ray Davies maintained that the guitarist was "the greatest blues player I ever saw, apart from Big Bill Broonzy". According to George Chkiantz, "What impressed me with Davy Graham...was he played the guitar fretboard somehow as if it was a keyboard. There was a kind of freedom. You weren't conscious of him using chord shapes at all: his fingers just seemed to run around with complete freedom on the fretboard." DADGAD One of Graham's lasting legacies is the DADGAD (open Dsus4) guitar tuning, which he popularised in the early 1960s. While travelling in Morocco, he developed the tuning so he could better play along with and translate the traditional oud music he heard to guitar. Graham then went on to experiment playing traditional folk pieces in DADGAD tuning, often incorporating Indian and Middle Eastern scales and melodies. A good example is his arrangement of the traditional air "She Moved Through the Fair", which he recorded live at the Troubadour in Earl's Court in 1964. The tuning provides freedom to improvise in the treble, while maintaining a solid underlying harmony and rhythm in the bass—though it restricts the number of readily playable keys. While guitarists used "non-standard" or "non-classical" tunings before this (e.g., open E and open G in common use by blues and slide guitar players) DADGAD introduced a new "standard" tuning. Many guitarists now use the tuning, especially in folk and world music. == Discography ==

Studio albums • The Guitar Player (1963) • Folk, Blues and Beyond (1965) • Midnight Man (1966) • Large as Life and Twice as Natural (1968) • Hat (1969) • Holly Kaleidoscope (1970) • Godington Boundary (1970) (with Holly Gwinn) • All That Moody (1976) • The Complete Guitarist (1978) • Playing in Traffic (1991) • Broken Biscuits (2007) EPs • 3/4 AD (1962) • From a London Hootenanny (1963) Live albums • After Hours (1997) Compilations • Dance for Two People (1979) • Folk Blues and All Points in Between (1985) • Fire in the Soul (1999) • The Best of Davy Graham (A Scholar & A Gentleman) (2009) • Anthology-Lost Tapes 1961–2007 (2012) Collaborations • Folk Roots, New Routes (1964) with Shirley Collins • Irish Reels, Jigs, Hornpipes & Airs (1979) with Dale Evans, Dan Ar Braz, and Duck Baker ==Bibliography==