Death growls and their variants are also known as
death metal vocals,
brutal vocals,
guttural vocals,
death grunts,
growled vocals,
low-pitched vocals,
low growls, as umbrella terms,
unclean vocals and
harsh vocals, and for a different technique,
vocal fry,
glottal fry,
false cord vocals and
death cord vocals. Despite the misconceptions and stereotypes that are associated with them, usually by non-extreme metal fans, death growls require traditional clean/melodic vocal techniques to be done properly. In June 2007,
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in the Netherlands reported that, because of the increased popularity of growling in the region, several patients who had used improper growling techniques were being treated for
edema and
polyps on the
vocal folds. In 2005, professional vocal coach
Melissa Cross released the instructional DVD The Zen of Screaming, to teach students the proper way to sing in several styles of rock, metal and hardcore. It has since been re-released as a digital download. ==See also==