Debian 1.0 was never released, as a vendor accidentally shipped a development release with that version number. The package management system
dpkg and its front-end
dselect were developed and implemented on Debian in a previous release. A transition from the
a.out binary format to the
ELF binary format had already begun before the planned 1.0 release. The only supported architecture was
Intel 80386 (i386).
Debian 1.1 (Buzz) Debian 1.1 (
Buzz), released 17 June 1996, contained 474 packages. Debian had fully transitioned to the ELF binary format and used Linux kernel 2.0.
Debian 1.2 (Rex) Debian 1.2 (
Rex), released 12 December 1996, contained 848 packages maintained by 120 developers.
Debian 1.3 (Bo) Debian 1.3 (
Bo), released 5 June 1997, contained 974 packages maintained by 200 developers. Point releases: • 1.3.1 () • 1.3.1r1 (Release date unknown) • 1.3.1r2 (Release date unknown) • 1.3.1r3 (Release date unknown) • 1.3.1r4 (Release date unknown) • 1.3.1r5 () • 1.3.1r6 ()
Debian 2.0 (Hamm) Debian 2.0 (
Hamm), released 24 July 1998, contained over 1,500 packages maintained by over 400 developers. A transition was made to
libc6 and Debian was ported to the
Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures. Point releases: • 2.0r1 () • 2.0r2 () • 2.0r3 () • 2.0r4 () • 2.0r5 ()
Debian 2.1 (Slink) Debian 2.1 (
Slink), released 9 March 1999, contained about 2,250 packages. The front-end
APT was introduced for the package management system and Debian was ported to
Alpha and
SPARC. Point releases: • 2.1r1 (Possibly never released) • 2.1r2 () • 2.1r3 () • 2.1r4 () • 2.1r5 ()
Debian 2.2 (Potato) Debian 2.2 (
Potato), released 14–15 August 2000, contained 2,600 packages maintained by more than 450 developers. New packages included the
display manager GDM, the
directory service OpenLDAP, the
security software OpenSSH and the
mail transfer agent Postfix. Debian was ported to the
PowerPC and
ARM architectures. Point releases: • 2.2r1 () • 2.2r2 () • 2.2r3 () • 2.2r4 () • 2.2r5 () • 2.2r6 () • 2.2r7 ()
Debian 3.0 (Woody) Debian 3.0 (
Woody), released 19 July 2002, contained around 8,500 packages maintained by more than 900 developers.
KDE was introduced and Debian was ported to the following architectures:
IA-64,
PA-RISC (hppa),
mips and mipsel and
IBM ESA/390 (s390). Point releases: • 3.0r1 () • 3.0r2 () • 3.0r3 () • 3.0r4 () • 3.0r5 () • 3.0r6 ()
Debian 3.1 (Sarge) Debian 3.1 (
Sarge), released 6 June 2005, contained around 15,400 packages.
debian-installer,
OpenOffice.org and GNOME 2.8 were introduced. Point releases: • 3.1r1 () • 3.1r2 () • 3.1r3 () • 3.1r4 () • 3.1r5 () • 3.1r6 () • 3.1r7 () • 3.1r8 () this is the final update for codename Sarge.
Debian 4.0 (Etch) Debian 4.0 (
Etch), released 8 April 2007, contained around 18,000 packages maintained by more than 1,030 developers. Debian was ported to
x86-64 (amd64) and support for the
Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architecture was dropped. This version introduced
UTF-8 and
udev device management by default. Point releases: • 4.0r1 () • 4.0r2 () • 4.0r3 () • 4.0r4 () • 4.0r5 () • 4.0r6 () • 4.0r7 () • 4.0r8 () • 4.0r9 () this is the final update for codename Etch
Debian 5.0 (Lenny) Debian 5.0 (
Lenny), released 14 February 2009, contained more than 23,000 packages. Debian was ported to the
ARM EABI (armel) architecture. Point releases: • 5.0.1 () • 5.0.2 () • 5.0.3 () • 5.0.4 () • 5.0.5 () • 5.0.6 () • 5.0.7 () • 5.0.8 () • 5.0.9 () • 5.0.10 () this is the final update for codename Lenny.
Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) Debian 6.0 (
Squeeze), released 6 February 2011, contained more than 29,000 packages. The default Linux kernel included was deblobbed beginning with this release. The web browser
Chromium was introduced and Debian was ported to the
kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64 architectures (while that port was later discontinued), and support for the
Intel 486,
Alpha, and
PA-RISC (hppa) architectures was dropped. Squeeze was the first release of Debian in which non-free firmware components (aka "binary blobs") were excluded from the "main" repository as a matter of policy. Point releases: • 6.0.1 () • 6.0.2 () • 6.0.3 () • 6.0.4 () • 6.0.5 () • 6.0.6 () • 6.0.7 () • 6.0.8 () • 6.0.9 () • 6.0.10 () this is the final update for codename Squeeze. • Squeeze long term support reached end-of-life ()
Debian 7 (Wheezy) Debian 7 (
Wheezy), released 4 May 2013, contained more than 36,000 packages. Support for
UEFI was added and Debian was ported to the
armhf and
IBM z/Architecture (s390x) architectures. Point releases: • 7.1 () • 7.2 () • 7.3 () • 7.4 () • 7.5 () • 7.6 () • 7.7 () • 7.8 () • Debian 8.0 codename Jessie releases, Wheezy becomes oldstable () • 7.9 () • 7.10 () • 7.11 () this is the final update for codename Wheezy. • Debian 9.0 codename Stretch releases, Wheezy becomes oldoldstable () • Wheezy long term support reached end-of-life () • Wheezy extended long term support reached end-of-life ().
Debian 8 (Jessie) Debian 8 (
Jessie), released 25 April 2015, contained more than 43,000 packages, with
systemd installed by default instead of
init. (
sysvinit and
upstart packages are provided as alternatives.) Debian was ported to the
ARM64 and
ppc64le architectures, while support for the
IA-64,
kfreebsd-amd64 and kfreebsd-i386,
IBM ESA/390 (s390) (only the
31-bit variant; the newer
64-bit s390x was retained) and
SPARC architectures were dropped. Long term support ended June 2020. Point releases: • 8.1 () • 8.2 () • 8.3 () • 8.4 () • 8.5 () • 8.6 () • 8.7 () • 8.8 () • Debian 9.0 codename Stretch releases, Jessie becomes oldstable () • 8.9 () • 8.10 () • Regular security support updates have been discontinued () • Debian 10.0 codename Buster releases, Jessie becomes oldoldstable () • Jessie long term support reached end-of-life () The final minor update, called a "point release", is version 9.13, released on . Major upgrades include the
Linux kernel going from version 3.16 to 4.9,
GNOME desktop version going from 3.14 to 3.22,
KDE Plasma 4 was upgraded to
Plasma 5,
LibreOffice 4.3 upgraded to 5.2 and
Qt upgraded from 4.8 to 5.7.
LXQt has been added as well. The
Intel i586 (Pentium), i586/i686 hybrid and
PowerPC architectures are no longer supported as of Stretch. Point releases: • 9.1 () • 9.2 () • 9.3 () • 9.4 () • 9.5 () • 9.6 () • 9.7 () • 9.8 () • 9.9 () • Stretch becomes oldstable, Buster becomes stable release () • 9.10 () • 9.11 () • 9.12 () • 9.13 () this is the final update for codename Stretch. • Stretch becomes oldoldstable, Bullseye is the current stable release () • Stretch long term support reached end-of-life () • Stretch extended long term support reaches end-of-life () Debian 10 contains 57,703 packages, supports
UEFI Secure Boot, has
AppArmor enabled by default, uses LUKS2 as the default
LUKS format, and uses
Wayland for GNOME by default. Debian 10 ships with Linux kernel version 4.19. Available desktops include Cinnamon 3.8, GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14,
LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, Xfce 4.12. Key
application software includes LibreOffice 6.1 for office productivity,
VLC 3.0 for media viewing, and
Firefox ESR for web browsing. Point releases: • 10.1 () • 10.2 () • 10.3 () • 10.4 () • 10.5 () • 10.6 () • 10.7 () • 10.8 () • 10.9 () • 10.10 () • Buster becomes oldstable, Bullseye is the current stable release () • 10.12 () • 10.13 () this is the final update for codename Buster • Buster becomes oldoldstable, Bookworm is the current stable release () • Buster long term support reached end-of-life () • Buster extended long term support reaches end-of-life ()
Debian 11 (Bullseye) Debian 11 (Bullseye) was released on 14 August 2021. On 12 November 2020, it was announced that "Homeworld", by Juliette Taka, will be the default theme for Debian 11, after winning a public poll held with eighteen choices. Bullseye dropped the remaining Qt4/KDE 4 libraries and Python 2, and shipped with Qt 5.15 KDE Plasma 5.20. Available desktops include Gnome 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, LXDE 11, LXQt 0.16, MATE 1.24, and Xfce 4.16. Bullseye does not support the older big-endian 32-bit MIPS architectures. The first of the code freezes, readying Debian 11 for release, began on 12 January 2021. Development freeze timetable: • 12 January 2021: transition freeze • 12 March 2021: hard freeze • 17 July 2021: full freeze • 14 August 2021: release Point releases: • 11.1 () • 11.2 () • 11.3 () • 11.4 () • 11.5 () • 11.6 () • 11.7 () • Bullseye becomes oldstable, Bookworm is the current stable release () • 11.9 () • 11.10 () • 11.11 (); this is the final point release for Bullseye
Debian 12 (Bookworm) Debian 12 (Bookworm) was released on 10 June 2023. Bookworm raised the compatibility level of its 32 bit x86 PC port from i586 to i686 compatibility. Debian 12 (Bookworm) is the last version of Debian with
KDE Plasma 5. Starting with Debian 12, non-free firmware packages from the "non-free-firmware" section of the Debian archive was enabled by default in the official installer and live images if and when the system determines that these packages are required, such as with modern Wi-Fi cards and modern graphics cards. A change was also made to the Debian Social Contract to allow for this change to be made. On 13 October 2022, the Release Team announced the freeze development milestone timeline for this release: • 12 January 2023: transition and toolchain • 12 February 2023: soft freeze • 12 March 2023: hard freeze Point releases: • 12.1 () • 12.2 () • 12.3 (Cancelled, was intended to be released ) • 12.4 () • 12.5 () • 12.6 ( (delayed from )) • 12.7 () • 12.8 () • 12.9 () • 12.10 () • 12.11 () • Bookworm becomes oldstable, Trixie is the current stable release () • 12.12 () • 12.13 ()
Debian 13 (Trixie) Debian 13, codenamed Trixie, was released 9 August 2025. It uses the v6.12 LTS kernel. Debian 13 adds support for 64 bit
RISC-V. Debian 13 drops support for the
mipsel architecture, and drops the installers for the i386 (all 32-bit x86 CPUs) and armel architectures. Debian directs users to keep i386 systems on Debian 12 or retiring the system in question, as the remaining packages are intended for running 32-bit x86 software on 64-bit systems and require the
SSE2 CPU instruction set that most 32-bit x86 CPUs don't support. Debian 13 features
KDE Plasma 6. Key release dates: • [2024-12-31]: Debian Installer Trixie Alpha 1 release • [2025-03-15]: Transition and Toolchain Freeze • [2025-04-15]: Soft Freeze • [2025-05-15]: Hard Freeze - for key packages and packages without autopkgtests • [2025-05-17]: Trixie RC 1 installer released • [2025-07-02]: Trixie RC 2 installer released • [2025-07-27]: Full Freeze • [2025-07-30]: Deadline for unblock requests • 13.2 () • 13.3 () • 13.4 ()
Debian 14 (Forky) Following the release of Debian 13 (Trixie) on 9 August 2025, testing is known by the codename Forky which is anticipated to be released as Debian 14 in 2027. ==Release timeline==