Decoy receptors

Interleukin 1 receptor type II IL1R2 was one of the first identified decoy receptors. It binds IL1A and IL1B and inhibits their binding to IL1R1, deterring the inflammatory response which is generally promoted by the binding of type 1 interleukins to interleukin receptor 1 type I. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) Also known as TNFRSF6, the DcR3 receptor is found primarily in human malignant tissues. It acts as a decoy receptor for TNF cytokine members: FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A, inhibiting the ability of the cytokines to signal cell death or apoptosis. VEGFR-1 VEGFR-1 is a kinase-defective receptor tyrosine kinase that negatively modulates angiogenesis by acting as a decoy receptor. The decoy characteristic of VEGFR-1 is required for normal development and angiogenesis. VEGFR-1 inhibits the activity of VEGFR-2 by sequestering VEGF, thus preventing VEGFR-2 from binding to VEGF. == Applications ==

Engineered Axl "decoy receptor" Axl receptor tyrosine kinase has been associated with numerous diseases, most notably metastatic cancer. Axl has been shown to drive metastasis, confer therapeutic resistance and promote disease progression. Axl binds to its ligand, Gas6, and becomes activated. Decoy receptors are being designed to bind to Gas6 and prevent Axl activation. ACE-031 ACE-031 is an engineered decoy receptor and myostatin inhibitor used in attempts to treat children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The ACE-031 receptor circulates outside the muscle-fiber membrane. Because this receptor binds to myostatin, it lowers the amount of myostatin that can bind to the native receptor in the membrane (ActRIIB), preventing myostatin from delivering the muscle growth-limiting signal. == References ==