Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition where people consume very little in the way of energy, proteins, or both in their diets; as a result, it is common in developing nations. The two main illnesses associated with this condition are
kwashiorkor, which is characterized by severe protein deficiency, and
marasmus, which is total food deprivation with abnormally low amounts of protein and energy.
Carbohydrates deficiency Certain human body cells, such as neurons, require high glucose concentrations. When there are insufficient carbohydrates in the diet, the breakdown of body proteins, dietary proteins, and glycerol from fats is what drives
gluconeogenesis. Most
gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver. A condition known as
ketosis (increased ketones production), which is characterized by a strangely sweet-smelling patient, may result from a prolonged shortage of carbohydrates.
Essential fatty acids deficiency The
essential fatty acids (EFA)
omega-3 and
omega-6 are polyunsaturated. Clinical signs of an EFA deficiency include
stunted growth in kids and babies, a scaly, dry rash, slowed wound healing and heightened susceptibility to infections. ==Enzyme deficiency==