Deforestation in Kenya

For the last two decades, the challenges Kenyan Forest faces are still similar to its long history of deforestation. Some of the current drivers that are increasing deforestation categorize into technological, economic, and cultural types. The drivers that are qualified as technological are mostly the lack of knowledge about the impacts of deforestation and the lack of appropriate technology required for three growing. The economic drivers are poverty leading to reliance on charcoal fuel and the usage of woodland for crops. As for the cultural challenges, one can classify the usage of fire for land clearing and the inability to control these fires. Agricultural expansion continues to impact the Mau forest in Kenya. The area experiences massive deforestation to grow commercial tea and wheat. The forest of Migori and more western areas use the land for sugar, while forest in areas in Nyanza is used for tobacco. Wood extraction also contributes to deforestation, but data has been systematically not collected by the Kenya Forest Service and the Ministry of Energy to prevent it from stopping. Most of the deforestation by wood extraction occurs in the dry woodlands of the coast, while wood extraction for charcoal and fuel occurs on locations nearby metropolitan areas where the demand exists. Another factor that contributes to the deforestation in Kenya is infrastructural developments. Roads, railways, and dams lead to deforestation as they create new settlements that cause a demand in land and resources from the forested areas. == Measured rates of deforestation ==

During the last two decades of the 21st century, Kenya's rate of deforestation has remained consistent. The first decade of the century experienced 2,914.55 hectares in a primary forest lost and 19,401 hectares lost in tree cover while the second decade of the century has experienced a total of 2,099.74 hectares lost in primary forest and 17,167 hectares lost in tree cover. == Impacts ==

The impact of deforestation in the Kenyan water has been one of the most notorious; This is present in lake Naivasha and its surrounding communities. Lake Naivasha, located west of Nairobi, receives its water from the Aberdare Range where the rivers and streams that originate in the mountains are the source of water in the lakes. The forest in the Aberdares mountains traps moisture and keeps temperatures cool, provides cloud cover, and creates the rainfall that feeds the streams and rivers. Deforestation increases land erosion because forests help hold in place essential nutrients in the soil. Deforested areas in western Kenyan highlands have increased in temperature by 0.5 °C in 10 months while the average temperature of houses in the area has increased 1.8 and 1.2 °C during the same period. Additionally, the deforested areas are used for Maize cultivation in which larvae can feed and, as a result, grow into more significant adults and increase the likelihood of transmission. These conditions directly doubled rates of malaria mosquitos in Kenya from 0.22 to 0.33 and during the rainy season from 0.1 to 0.12, representing a 50% increase in the dry season and a 20% increase during the rainy season. == Response ==

As a result of high deforestation rates and its negative impacts, the Kenyan government has made efforts to stop it. The first signs of forest conservation in Kenya happened in 1957 with a policy that sought to preserve the forest in order to protect water catchments and promote sustainable development of the forest industry. As a result of research and detailed data, in the early 2000s, the Kenyan government further pursued the protection of forests by enacting a policy that both addresses socioeconomic and environmental challenges. One of the most notorious examples being the 2005 Forest Act that continues to be an example of forest policy today. The 2005 Forest Act required public participation and collaboration with local communities to develop forest management plants while respecting their cultural traditions. In addition, the 2005 forest act acknowledged the ability of sustainable practices to reduce poverty and sustain necessary environmental resources. More recently the Kenyan government has sought new legislation that further incorporates local communities and promotes economic development. Some critical aspects of today's forest reform include the creation of the Kenya Forest Service, public and professional involvement in resource management, creation of a conservation fund, and conservation of the complete forest ecosystem, which includes water, flora, and fauna. Additionally, other forest conservation efforts have been implemented with agricultural reform. The Kenyan Agriculture act included new measures that required every agricultural landholder to conserve 10% of forest cover in their land. == Tree cover extent and loss ==

Global Forest Watch publishes annual estimates of tree cover loss and 2000 tree cover extent derived from time-series analysis of Landsat satellite imagery in the Global Forest Change dataset. In this framework, tree cover refers to vegetation taller than 5 m (including natural forests and tree plantations), and tree cover loss is defined as the complete removal of tree cover canopy for a given year, regardless of cause. For Kenya, country statistics report cumulative tree cover loss of from 2001 to 2024 (about 12.1% of its 2000 tree cover area). For tree cover density greater than 30%, country statistics report a 2000 tree cover extent of . The charts and table below display this data. In simple terms, the annual loss number is the area where tree cover disappeared in that year, and the extent number shows what remains of the 2000 tree cover baseline after subtracting cumulative loss. Forest regrowth is not included in the dataset. ==REDD+ forest reference level and monitoring==

Kenya has submitted a national forest reference level (FRL) under the UNFCCC REDD+ framework, and its 2020 submission was subject to a UNFCCC technical assessment. On the UNFCCC REDD+ Web Platform, Kenya's 2020 submission is listed as having an assessed reference level, while the other Warsaw Framework elements—a national strategy, safeguards, and a national forest monitoring system—are listed as “not reported”. Kenya's assessed national FRL covers four REDD+ activities: reducing emissions from deforestation, reducing emissions from forest degradation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. For the reference period 2002–2018, the assessed FRL corresponds to 52,204,059 t CO2 eq per year, expressed as the average of historical emissions and removals. Activity data were derived from a time series of national land-cover maps produced with the System for Land-based Emission Estimation in Kenya (SLEEK) using Landsat imagery, while the technical assessment identified improving the SLEEK mapping programme and increasing permanent sample plots in the national forest inventory as areas for future technical improvement. ==See also==