Delft

Early history , 1877 The city of Delft came into being beside a canal, the 'Delf', which comes from the word delven, meaning to delve or dig, and this led to the name Delft. At the elevated place where this 'Delf' crossed the creek wall of the silted up river Gantel, a Count established his manor, probably around 1075. Partly because of this, Delft became an important market town, the evidence for which can be seen in the size of its central market square. Having been a rural village in the early Middle Ages, Delft developed into a city, and on 15 April 1246, Count Willem II granted Delft its city charter. Trade and industry flourished. In 1389 the Delfshavensche Schie canal was dug through to the river Maas, where the port of Delfshaven was built, connecting Delft to the sea. Until the 17th century, Delft was one of the major cities of the then county (and later province) of Holland. In 1400, for example, the city had 6,500 inhabitants, making it the third largest city after Dordrecht (8,000) and Haarlem (7,000). By 1560, Amsterdam, with 28,000 inhabitants, had become the largest city, followed by Delft, Leiden and Haarlem, which each had around 14,000 inhabitants. In 1536, a large part of the city was destroyed by the great fire of Delft. The town's association with the House of Orange started when William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), nicknamed William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger), took up residence in 1572 in the former Saint-Agatha convent (subsequently called the Prinsenhof). At the time he was the leader of growing national Dutch resistance against Spanish occupation, known as the Eighty Years' War. By then Delft was one of the leading cities of Holland and was equipped with the necessary city walls to serve as a headquarters. In October 1573, an attack by Spanish forces was repelled in the Battle of Delft. After the Act of Abjuration was proclaimed in 1581, Delft became the de facto capital of the newly independent Dutch Republic, as the seat of the Stadtholder, the Prince of Orange. When William was shot dead on 10 July 1584 by Balthazar Gerards in the hall of the Prinsenhof (now the Prinsenhof Museum), the family's traditional burial place in Breda was still in the hands of the Spanish. Therefore, he was buried in the Delft Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), starting a tradition for the House of Orange that has continued to the present day. Around this time, Delft also occupied a prominent position in the field of printing. A number of Italian glazed earthenware makers settled in the city and introduced a new style. The tapestry industry also flourished when famous manufacturer François Spierincx moved to the city. In the 17th century, Delft experienced a new heyday, thanks to the presence of an office of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (opened in 1602) and the manufacture of Delftware, a distinctive style of blue and white pottery. The population in 1848 was estimated at 15,000 inhabitants. A number of notable artists based themselves in the city, including Leonard Bramer, Carel Fabritius, Pieter de Hoogh, Gerard Houckgeest, Emanuel de Witte, Jan Steen, and Johannes Vermeer. Reinier de Graaf and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek received international attention for their scientific research. Explosion : A View of Delft after the Explosion of 1654 for public safety, today in use as a clubhouse The Delft Explosion, also known as the Delft Thunderclap, occurred on 12 October 1654 when a gunpowder store exploded, destroying much of the city. Today, the explosion is primarily remembered for killing Rembrandt's most promising pupil, Carel Fabritius, and destroying nearly all his works. In 1654, Delft was ringed by a city wall with some 26 cannon emplacements. To supply the defenses, about of gunpowder were stored in barrels in a magazine in a former Clarist convent in the Doelenkwartier district, where the Paardenmarkt is now located. The storage of so much gunpowder in the center of town was considered a state secret and thus the citizens were generally unaware of the danger in their midst. On the morning of October 12, 1654, Cornelis Soetens, the keeper of the magazine, opened the store to check a sample of the powder. A huge explosion followed. The exact cause of the explosion is unknown, as Soetens was killed, but it could have been from a spark from the light he was carrying. The exact death toll is unknown. The lower bound of the death toll was 54, The destroyed area closest to the blast was eventually repurposed as the city's horse market. The explosion generated significant discourse on divine providence. Contemporary writers viewed the explosion as a divine intervention. Some saw it as a divine punishment, which also had the effect of inflaming religious tensions. The city was chiefly Protestant, but had allowed a Catholic presence to remain. Those who saw it as divine punishment put forth various potential sins that were being punished, such as allowing Catholicism to remain in the city, or more general moral corruption. Other writers were more circumspect and sought to uphold the social fabric. Minister Petrus de Witte felt that the explosion was a mercy and a sign for the people to live pious lives. The poet Joost van den Vondel concluded that the disaster was proof that divine providence is inscrutable. ==Sights==