The town appears in the 7th century poetry of
Jarir as "Qarma" or "Garma", and is also mentioned by the same name in
Yaqut's encyclopedia. It is unknown, however, when exactly the name evolved into "Dhurma". The village was important in pre-20th century
Nejd as a western gateway to the region of
Wadi Hanifa, which includes Riyadh and
Diriyah, and often bore the brunt of the military campaigns directed at the region. Its traditional rulers were distant cousins of the
Al Saud family, and Dhurma joined the
First Saudi State at the end of the 18th century. A large invasion of Saudi-ruled territory by the
Yam tribe of
Najran, some 1000 km to the south, was repelled by the people of Dhurma in 1775 after an intense battle fought in a nearby forest of palm trees. Later, the
Egyptian-
Ottoman forces of
Ibrahim Pasha placed the town under siege on their way to the Saudi capital of Diriyah (see
Saudi-Ottoman War). Dhurma offered remarkably stout resistance to the invading army, and even rejected Ibrahim's offer of a truce in exchange for allowing him to proceed to Diriyah. The town, however, surrendered in early 1818 and Ibrahim's retribution was especially harsh, allowing his troops to pillage the village with impunity. The town revived somewhat after those events, and was reported by
Philby to have had a population of nearly 6,000 in 1917. Its fortunes have fallen dramatically in recent decades, however, because it was bypassed by the modern Riyadh-Mecca highway, and most of its original inhabitants have moved to neighboring Riyadh. ==Climate==