Market›Direct Fusion Drive
Company Profile

Direct Fusion Drive

Direct Fusion Drive (DFD) is a conceptual, low radioactivity, nuclear-fusion rocket engine, designed to produce both thrust and electric power, suitable for interplanetary spacecraft. The concept is based on the Princeton field-reversed configuration reactor, invented in 2002 by Samuel A. Cohen. It is being modeled and experimentally tested at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy facility, as well as modeled and evaluated by Princeton Satellite Systems (PSS). As of 2018, a direct fusion drive project driven by NASA is said to have entered its simulation phase, presented as the second phase of the concept's evolution.

Principle
The Direct Fusion Drive (DFD) is a theoretical spacecraft propulsion system that derives its name from its unique capability to generate thrust directly from nuclear fusion, bypassing the need for an intermediate electricity-generating process. Using a magnetic confinement and heating mechanism, the DFD is powered by a blend of helium-3 (3He) and deuterium (D or 2H), resulting in a propulsion system characterized by high specific power, variable thrust, specific impulse, and minimal radiation emissions of spacecraft propulsion system. In the DFD, plasma, a collection of electrically charged particles that includes electrons and ions, fuse together at high temperatures (100 keV), releasing enormous amounts of energy. The plasma is confined in a torus-like magnetic field inside of a linear solenoidal coil and is heated by a rotating magnetic field to relevant fusion temperatures. This design uses a specially shaped radio frequency (RF) "antenna" to heat the plasma. The design includes a rechargeable battery or a deuterium-oxygen auxiliary power unit to start up or restart the unit. The captured radiated energy heats a He-Xe fluid that flows outside the plasma to in a boron-containing structure. That energy is put through a closed-loop Brayton cycle generator to transform it into electricity for use in energizing the coils, powering the RF heater, charging the battery, communications, and station-keeping functions. Thrust generation Adding propellant to the edge plasma flow results in a variable thrust and specific impulse when channeled and accelerated through a magnetic nozzle; this flow of momentum past the nozzle is predominantly carried by the ions as they expand through the magnetic nozzle and beyond, and thus, function as an ion thruster. ==Development==
Development
The construction of the experimental research device and most of its early operations were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The recent studies—Phase I and Phase II—were funded by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program. Stephanie Thomas is vice president of Princeton Satellite Systems and the principal investigator for the Direct Fusion Drive. ==Projected performance==
Projected performance
Princeton Satellite Systems estimate that the Direct Fusion Drive may be capable of producing between 5–10 Newtons with a specific impulse (Isp) of about 10,000 seconds and 200 kW available as electrical power. DFD generates extra power so it may provide approximately 2 MW of power to the payloads upon arrival. This allows more options for instrument selection and laser/optical communications, or as integration on the Orion spacecraft to transport a crewed mission to Mars in a faster time frame (4 months instead of 9 with current technology). == See also ==
Source: Wikipedia ↗
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com