Countries with directorial
heads of state sharing ceremonial functions: • :
co-princes • :
presidency • :
Ngwenyama and
Ndlovukati • :
Captains Regent Countries governed by an executive directorial head of state: • :
co-presidents • :
Congress of State • :
Federal Council Supranational and subnational entities governed by a directorial system: • :
European Council and
European Commission • :
First Minister and deputy First Minister • :
cantons,
municipalities Directorial republic in Switzerland One country now using this form of government is
Switzerland (another, to a lesser extent, is
San Marino). In Switzerland, directories operate at all levels of administration: federal,
cantonal and municipal. On the face of it, the
Swiss Federal Council might appear to be a typical parliamentary government; technically, however, it is not a meeting of ministers, but a college of heads of state and simultaneously the federal
cabinet. The current president of the confederation is in fact only a (first among equals) with representative functions in particular for diplomacy with other States, and without any power either of direction or of coordination of the activity of colleagues. The
Swiss Federal Council is elected by the
Federal Assembly for four years, and comprises seven members, among whom one serves as president and one as vice-president on a rotating basis, although these positions are symbolic in normal circumstances. Unlike in a parliamentary system, the Federal Council is not answerable before the Federal Assembly, but is elected for a roughly concurrent term of office. The link between the Swiss managerial system and the presidential system is even more evident for the cantonal governments, where currently all directors are all individually directly elected by the voters. == History ==