Kalgoorlie was one of the
original 65 divisions to be contested at the
first federal election in 1901. It was one of five electorates created by the
Federal House of Representatives Western Australian Electorates Act 1900, an act of the
parliament of Western Australia. It was significantly enlarged in a redistribution prior to the
1922 federal election, when the
Division of Dampier was abolished and effectively merged into Kalgoorlie. For most of its history, Kalgoorlie was split between strongly pro-
Labor territory in the mining regions and more conservative-leaning farming areas, and, from the 1980s, Labor also benefited from the support of indigenous voters in the northern parts of the electorate. Unlike seats in the eastern states with similar demographics, it was not usually reckoned as a bellwether for winning government—primarily because most elections have already been decided by the time the first returns come in from the state. The
Liberals (and their predecessors) and Labor alternated for long spells in the seat. As evidence of how little it was affected by trends in the rest of the country, all but one of its members from 1922 onward spent at least one term in opposition. For most of the time from 1922 to 1995, the conservative farming areas were usually swamped by Labor support in mining towns. Labor lost the electorate only when its support in Western Australia collapsed, such as in the late 1970s due to the regional backlash against the
Whitlam government. In 1995, however, sitting Labor MP
Graeme Campbell was expelled from the party. He retained the electorate at the
1996 election, but in
1998 was defeated by Liberal
Barry Haase, who held the seat until its abolition despite vigorous challenges from Labor. Haase benefited from the popularity of the Liberal Party in Western Australia during this period, as well as a sharp decline in Labor support in the city of Kalgoorlie, previously a Labor stronghold for the better part of a century. When Haase was re-elected in
2007, it was the only time that Labor had won government at an election without winning Kalgoorlie. The division was abolished at the 2008 redistribution, effective from the
2010 federal election. Due to a drop in population, Kalgoorlie needed to increase in size. However, all of the proposed maps would have made it all but impossible to draw
O'Connor, the other large country seat in Western Australia, in a way that it would have any rational basis. Ultimately, the
Australian Electoral Commission decided to abolish Kalgoorlie. Most of the northern portion of its territory was transferred to the new
Division of Durack, while the southern portion (including the city of Kalgoorlie) was absorbed into O'Connor. Haase transferred to Durack. Upon the abolition of Kalgoorlie, the title of second-largest single member electoral constituency in the world passed to
Nunavut in
Canada; the largest at the time was, and remains,
Yakutsk constituency of the
Russian State Duma. None of its members were able to retire at the time of their choosing, for they either lost the seat in an election, lost party preselection, died in office, or were expelled from Parliament (Hugh Mahon). When the seat was abolished, its last member Barry Haase moved to the seat of Durack to continue his parliamentary career. ==Members==