The
Hittites may have mined and made use of the
iron ore in the area. In the 9th century the town was known as Abrik and controlled by the
Paulicians with the support of Arabs and the
emir of
Malatya. It had been founded ca. 850 by
Karbeas, the leader of the Paulicians, a
heretical Armenian sect that adhered to a
dualistic cosmology. The Paulicians fortified it and used it as refuge and the capital of
their state during the ninth century. Later called Tephrike () it was recaptured by the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Emperor
Basil I and was temporarily named Leontokome (after Emperor
Leo VI) and made into a
thema. The
Mengüjeks built the
Great Mosque and hospital. A medieval castle, with remains mostly from the thirteenth century, is situated on top of a steep hill overlooking the town. ==Economy==