Welsh construction The main land holdings of
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Gwynedd lay in
Gwynedd. In order to assert his claim to be the most important of the Welsh princes, he felt the need to exercise his authority in the strategic area of the Severn Valley, giving access to the heartlands of Wales. In 1257 he invaded the area, and by 1263 he had captured the districts known as
Cedewain and Ceri. As a result of this
Henry III recognised Llywelyn as
Prince of Wales under the terms of the
Treaty of Montgomery of 19 September 1267. In order to consolidate his newly conquered lands and to affirm his control, Llywelyn constructed the castle at Dolforwyn between 1273 and 1277, for a recorded cost of £174 6s 8d. The castle was fairly primitive in its concept compared to some structures to be found elsewhere. A rectangular platform was hewn from the rock some 240 feet by 90 feet, and the initial castle consisted of a rectangular keep at the south west end of the platform and a circular tower at the opposite end. The two structures were subsequently connected by ramparts, to make a rectangular enclosure with a D-shaped tower on the northern wall. The enclosed area was divided into two wards by a rock-cut ditch. A two-storey structure was built against the north wall. The main gateway into the castle was in the west wall. A smaller entrance was sited in the south wall.
Capture Following the construction of the castle without the authorisation of the new English king
Edward I, whose frontier post was at
Montgomery Castle, tensions grew between the king, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, and
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Southern Powys, who held
Powis Castle at nearby
Welshpool. In 1277, shortly after the castle had been completed,
Roger Mortimer,
Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln and
Otto de Grandson besieged it. It fell on 8 April 1277 because no well had been constructed and the occupants ran out of water. The siege is important because it may well point to the appointment of
James of Saint George as castle builder for Edward I. A letter attributed to either Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln or
Otto de Grandson from Dolforwyn Castle is considered to have been instrumental in bringing Master
James of Saint George to Wales: the man who would later build
Flint Castle,
Rhuddlan Castle,
Conwy Castle,
Caernarfon Castle,
Harlech Castle and
Beaumaris Castle. Custody was first given to
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn but subsequently to Roger Mortimer along with the lands of Ceri and Cedewain. Following its fall, the castle design was modified by its new English overlords. The south gate was blocked, new buildings were set up in the courtyard, and a well was dug. Following the death of Roger Mortimer in 1282, the castle passed to his son
Edmund Mortimer, then to his son,
Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, who lost the family estates in 1322 after an act of treason. An inventory taken at the time recites the rooms, which included an armoury in the round tower as well as domestic ranges with a pantry, buttery, kitchen, brewhouse, bakehouse, chapel, hall, a lady's chamber and two granges for the storage of grain.
Later years Dolforwyn appears to have been occupied until the reign of
Richard II (1377–99), but by 1381 it was already described as being in poor repair, and in 1398 it was described as being "ruinous and worth nothing." It appears that after this date the castle was almost lost from memory and attracted little interest. The ownership of the castle passed to the
Earls of Powis and was subsequently bought by the grandfather of the antiquarian
John Davies Knatchbull Lloyd, who gave the site to the Welsh Ancient Monuments Board (now
Cadw) in 1955. Cadw arranged for excavation of the site between 1981 and 2002 and the monument is now open to the public. In June 2009 Cadw commenced a 6-month process of consolidation of the castle masonry. In 2024, it was announced that
Cadw would rename the castle to use the Welsh name in English, as part of an effort to standardise the names in both languages. == Literary associations==