Đồng Nai

The earliest settlements in Đồng Nai were founded between 700 thousand and 500 thousand BCE, during the Stone Age. In 1621, Lord Sãi (Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên) sent envoys to King Chey Chetta II of Champa, requesting permission for Vietnamese people to settle and trade in Đồng Nai. On December 23, 1978, Hố Nai 1 and Hố Nai 2 communes from Thống Nhất District were merged into Biên Hòa city. On December 29, 1978, Duyên Hải District was transferred to Ho Chi Minh City following the 4th session of the 6th National Assembly. On May 30, 1979, territory was reallocated from Vũng Tàu town and Long Sơn commune (Châu Thành District) to establish the Vũng Tàu–Côn Đảo special zone. On December 23, 1985, Vĩnh Cửu District was upgraded to Vĩnh An town. On April 10, 1991, parts of Xuân Lộc District were reorganized to form Long Khánh District, and parts of Tân Phú District were used to establish Định Quán District. On August 12, 1991, the National Assembly’s 9th session passed a resolution merging the districts of Châu Thành, Long Đất, and Xuyên Mộc into the Vũng Tàu–Côn Đảo special zone, forming Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province. In 1993, Biên Hòa City was designated a Class-II urban area under provincial jurisdiction. On June 23, 1994, part of Long Thành District was carved out to form Nhơn Trạch District. On August 29, 1994, Vĩnh An town was dissolved to reestablish Vĩnh Cửu District. On August 21, 2003, per Government Decree No. 97/2003/NĐ-CP, Long Khánh District was split to create Long Khánh town and Cẩm Mỹ District, and part of Thống Nhất District was reorganized to form Trảng Bom District. On December 30, 2015, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 2488/QĐ-TTg, upgrading Biên Hòa City to a Class-I urban area under provincial jurisdiction. On June 1, 2019, Long Khánh town was elevated to Long Khánh City. At that point, Đồng Nai comprised two cities and nine districts. On June 12, 2025, the National Assembly passed Resolution No. 202/2025/QH15, effective that same day, merging Bình Phước Province into Đồng Nai. The draft resolution establishing Dong Nai city as a centrally-governed city is expected to be approved by the National Assembly at the end of April 2026, with a proposed effective date of April 30, 2026. This is a step towards realizing the plan to transform Dong Nai into a modern economic and urban center of the Southeast region. ==Demographics==

Đồng Nai has a population of 4,599,859 in 2024 The population of Đồng Nai is primarily the dominant Kinh (Viet) ethnicity, although there are residents of the Han Chinese, Stieng, Mạ, Nùng, Tay, and Cham minorities. == Infrastructure ==

Transportation Đồng Nai serves as a key transportation hub in southern Vietnam due to its strategic location adjacent to Ho Chi Minh City and lying along several major national transport corridors. The province is traversed by a dense network of roads, railways, and future air routes, facilitating both domestic and international connectivity. Road transport is particularly well-developed, with National Highway 1A, National Highway 20, and National Highway 51 running through province, linking it to neighbor cities. The Ho Chi Minh City - Long Thành - Dầu Giây Expressway significantly reduces travel time between Đồng Nai and Ho Chi Minh City, while also forming part of the North-South Expressway network. In addition, several provincial roads support intra-provincial mobility and rural access. Under scheme in the near future, highways to Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province and Ho Chi Minh City, a railway connecting Biên Hòa to Vũng Tàu, upgrading provincial road No. 726 and connecting National Highway No. 20 and No. 1 with National Highway No. 51 will create a complete system, promoting socioeconomic development in the province and region. A major future infrastructure project is Long Thanh International Airport, currently under construction. Once completed, it is expected to become one of the Southeast Asia's largest airports, significantly easing the road on Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport and transforming Đồng Nai into a global air logistics center. Planned in multiple phases, the airport's first phase is expected to be completed by 2026, with an initial capacity of 25 million passengers and 1.2 million tons of cargo per year. Upon full completion, Long Thành International Airport will be able to handle 100 million passengers and 5 million tons of cargo annually. Industrial parks Đồng Nai is one of the Vietnam's most dynamic industrial regions, with over 35 industrial parks, covering approximately 12.000+ hectares, with 30 currently operational and an average occupancy rate of 82%. Notable industrial parks • Biên Hoà 1 Industrial Park - the first industrial park in Vietnam. As part of the urban redevelopment plan, Biên Hoà 1 Industrial Park will be transformed into a core area serving as the provincial administrative, political, and economic center. • Amata Industrial Park • Long Đức Industrial Park • Nhơn Trạch Industrial Park Free Trade Zone (FTZ) & Airport-Area Development In early 2025, Đồng Nai initiated planning for a free trade zone (FTZ) surrounding the upcoming Long Thành International Airport and linked to Phước An Sea Port. According to the People's Committee of Đồng Nai Province, the free trade zone will integrate four functional zones: Manufacturing (3.095 hectares), logistics (2.244 hectares), finance and trade services (1.500 hectares), innovation research and digital economy (1.419 hectares). ==Administrative subdivisions==

Following the provincial and municipal merger program in Vietnam in 2025, Đồng Nai and Bình Phước were consolidated into a single administrative unit, now officially designated as the new Đồng Nai Province. Đồng Nai Province is subdivided into 23 wards and 72 communes. Đồng Nai Province was reformed into a municipality called as Đồng Nai City in April 2026. Prior to that, 10 communes of former Đồng Nai Province were promoted to wards are: Dầu Giây, Đồng Phú, Long Thành, Lộc Ninh, Nhơn Trạch, Tân Khai, Tân Phú, Trảng Bom, Trị An, Xuân Lộc. Currently, Đồng Nai City is subdivided into 33 wards and 62 communes. ==Economy==

Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers and one of the most developed provinces. Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's manufacturing centers. Agriculture Despite its strong focus on industrial development, Đồng Nai still has a substantial agricultural sector. Agricultural land accounts for 47% of the province's area as of 2011, a total of 277,600 ha. The government reserved 15,000 ha for livestock farming in 2012, mostly for poultry and pigs. In 2011 there were 1.33 million pigs and 10.655 million poultry. The government reserved 15,000 ha for livestock farming in 2012, mostly for poultry and pigs. In 2011 there were 1.33 million pigs and 10.655 million poultry. a Toshiba motor plant, a PepsiCo beverage factory, a Posco steel plant, and a Nestlé coffee factory. == Geography ==

Đồng Nai is in southeastern Vietnam and bordered by Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Tây Ninh, Lâm Đồng, and Cambodia. Đồng Nai has an advanced traffic system with many backbone national roads crossing it, such as: National Route 1A, National Route 20, National Route 51 and the North–South railway lines; located adjacent to the Saigon Port and Tan Son Nhat International Airport, it offers many advantages to economic activities in the area. Its location is very important for the development of the Southern economic main hub and a junction of the South Eastern and Tây Nguyên Highland. Đồng Nai is based essentially on the system of lakes, dams and rivers, of which Trị An Lake with an area of 323 km2 and over 60 rivers, rivulets and canals are very favorable for the development of a number of aquatic products: raft bred fish and shrimp. The seasonal tropical forests are protected in Cát Tiên National Park, located in the north of Đồng Nai and the adjacent Vĩnh Cửu Nature Reserve; the former has been recognized internationally as a significant biosphere reserve. From the mountainous area, Đồng Nai River, Vietnam's largest internal waterway, flows southeast through Biên Hòa City, Ho Chi Minh City, and villages along its way. This river plays a crucial role in providing fresh water for the entire region. Climate Đồng Nai lies in the monsoon tropical zone and is affected by the north-east and south-west monsoon. It is also under the influence of the Pacific Ocean tropical atmosphere between April and October. The climate is divided into two distinct seasons: the rainy season lasts from March or April to November, and the dry season from December to March or April of the following year. The average temperature is between 23.9 and 29.0 °C, much lower than the standard level of tropical regions (26–30 °C). Its annual rainfall is quite high with 1,500 – 2,700 mm. On average, the weather is sunny for 4.0–9.5 hours a day and does not exceed 11.5 hours per day, even on the hottest and sunniest days. Total rainy days within a year are between 120 and 170 days (the standard level of tropical regions is 150–160 days) with a total rainfall of some 1,500 – 2,750 mm. The average humidity is around 80 – 82% and humidity in the dry season is 10–12%, lower than that of the rainy season; humidity varies considerably between areas. Đồng Nai's weather with regular sunshine, rain, and high humidity, equally found in the localities, facilitates agricultural production and development of industrial, cultural and tourist activities. Resources Đồng Nai is plentiful with resources such as forests, granite mines, construction stone, clay, kaolin, pozzolan, sand and gravel. == Business environment ==

On Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index 2023, a key tool for evaluating the business environment in Vietnam’s provinces, Dong Nai received a score of 66.28. This was an improvement from 2022 in which the province received a score of 65.67. In 2023, the province received its highest scores on the 'Time Costs' and 'Business Support Policy' criterion and lowest on 'Policy Bias' and 'Labour Policy'. ==Education==

Notable High Schools & K-12 Schools • Lương Thế Vinh High School for the Gifted • Ngô Quyền High School • Trấn Biên High School Universities and Colleges • Lạc Hồng University • Đồng Nai University • Vietnam Police Fire Prevention & Fighting University (T06/K56) campus Southern • Vietnam People's Security University (T04/T47) campus in Đồng Nai province • Second Army Officer University school – Nguyễn Huệ University • Vietnam People's Security College (T08) • Branch of Vietnam National University of Forestry in Đồng Nai province • Miền Đông University of Technology • Đồng Nai University of Technology • Lê Quý Đôn College • Technology and Management Sonadezi College • Đồng Nai Technical College • Đồng Nai Medical College • University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hồ Chí Minh City - Đồng Nai Campus In January 2025, Đồng Nai approved zoning for the 96.67-hectare Nuclear Science & Technology Research Center in Hàng Gòn. Managed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it will host a 10MWt research reactor, specialized labs, and serve around 800-1,000 nuclear experts. The center aims to produce medical radioisotopes, conduct semiconductor irradiation, train skilled nuclear personnel, and established it as the secondary national center for nuclear medicine. It is a part of bilateral collaboration with Rosatom, featured in an MoU signed mid-2024. == International Relations ==

Twin towns - sister cities • Champasak, Laos • Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea Cooperation and friendship • Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal • Kobe City, Japan • Pinar Del Rio, Cuba • Kansai Region, Japan • Nanjing, China • Arkansas, USA • Virginia, USA • Oklahoma, USA == See also ==