Dong Xuesheng was promoted from
Shanghai Shenhua's youth academy in the 2009 league season and made his debut on 7 April 2009 in a 2-1 win against
Suwon Samsung Bluewings in an
AFC Champions League game as a substitute for
Mao Jianqing. He made his league debut against
Shenzhen Asia Travel on 17 April 2009 in a 4-1 win. For the rest of the season, he became a squad regular where he was used mainly as substitute and eventually scored his first goal on 31 October 2009 in a 2-1 league victory against
Changsha Ginde. However, after Xi Zhikang became the new manager in the 2011 league season, Dong spent most of his time in the reserves and was loaned out to
Shenzhen Ruby for the rest of the season. He made his debut for Shenzhen on 10 July 2011 in a 2-1 loss against
Tianjin Teda where he came on as a substitute for
Liu Chao. He scored his first hat trick of his career on 21 August 2011 in a 4-2 win against
Dalian Shide. He scored five goals in 16 appearances for Shenzhen, but the club finished last in the league and was relegated to the second tier. In November 2011, Dong transferred to
Dalian Aerbin after they were promoted from the second tier. In February 2014, Dong received a trial with
Chinese Super League side
Guangzhou R&F and was believed to be signing with the club. However, on 28 February 2014, the final day of 2014 winter transfer window, he suddenly transferred to crosstown rivals
Guangzhou Evergrande. On 8 March 2014, he scored his first goal for the club on his debut in a 3-0 win against
Henan Jianye. Dong scored five goals in nine matches for Guangzhou at the beginning of 2014 season. However, he suffered a serious injury in a league match against
Shanghai Shenxin on 3 May 2014, ruling him out for one month. He failed to establish himself within the first team again after he returned to field in July 2014. On 25 February 2016, Dong transferred to Chinese Super League newcomer
Hebei China Fortune. On 4 March 2016, he made his debut for Hebei in a 2–1 away win against
Guangzhou R&F. He scored his first goal for Hebei in a Hebei Derby against
Shijiazhuang Ever Bright. Dong scored seven goals in his first nine matches for the club. However, his scoring rate fell in the rest of the season after his strike partners
Gervinho and
Ezequiel Lavezzi struggled with injury. Dong finally scored nine goals in 26 appearances in the 2016 league season. ==Coaching career==